Diseases | List of Diseases: dermatological, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, eye, genetic, infectious, mental illness, rare

List of Diseases

List of Diseases

This list of diseases groups together the main familiese of diseases. Disease is an alteration in the functions or health of a living organism.

We speak as well of disease, referring to all the alterations in health, as of a disease, which then designates a particular entity characterized by causes, symptoms, development and specific therapeutic possibilities.

A patient is a person suffering from a disease, whether it is determined or not. When it is the subject of medical care, we speak of a patient.

Health and disease are linked to biological processes and to interactions with the social and environmental environment. Generally, disease is defined as an entity opposed to health, the negative effect of which is due to an alteration or disharmonization of a system at any level (molecular, bodily, mental, emotional, etc.) of the state. physiological or morphological considered as normal, balanced or harmonious. We can speak of faulty homeostasis.

This list of diseases groups together the main families of diseases

List of dermatological diseases

Signs can include itching, pain, and hyperhidrosis. Physical signs include: vitropression effect, Nikolsky’s sign, Wood’s lamp fluorescence, and Blaschko lines.
Dermatological investigations include skin biopsy.

Dermatological lesions
Atrophies
Bubbles
Dyschromia
Erythema (and exanthema)
Keratosis
Macules
Nodules
Papules
Purpuras
Pustules
Dander
Sclerosis
Tumors
Ulcerations
Vegetations or condylomas
Vesicles

Dermatological pathologies
Acanthosis nigricans
Achromia
Acne
Alopecia
Amyloidosis
Angiodermatitis
Stellate angioma
Staphylococcal anthrax
Aphthosis
Atrophy
Balanitis
Behçet (disease of)
Bowen’s disease
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Candidiasis
Soft chancroid
Rosacea
Darier’s disease
Degos (disease)
Chronic actinic dermatitis
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Atopic dermatitis
Dermatophytosis
Perioral dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Dermographism
Dyshidrosis
Eczema
Epidermolysis bullosa
Erysipelas
Erythema ab igne
Erythema nodosum
Fixed pigmented erythema
Erythema multiforme
Erythroderma
Erythrasma
Pressure sore
Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter (syndrome)
Folliculitis
Boil
Scabies
Gangrene
Granuloma annulare
Herpes
Ichthyosis
Impetigo
Intertrigo
Actinic keratosis
Keratosis pilaris
Leishmaniasis
Meadow
Leukokeratosis
Lichen planus
Scleroatrophic lichen
Livedo
Lupus erythematosus
Lyell syndrome
Plantar perforator
Occupational disease
Mastocytosis
Melanoma
Miliary
Mucinosis
Molluscum contagiosum
Myases
Lipoid necrobiosis
Angioedema
Panniculitis
Papillonite
Achromiant parakeratosis
Guttate parapsoriasis
Body pediculosis
Scalp pediculosis
Alopecia areata
Bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigus
Perionyxis
Perleche
Photodermatosis
Gibert’s rosé pityriasis
Tinea versicolor
Poikiloderma
Porphyrias
Prurigo
Psoriasis
Purpura
rosacea
Sarcoidosis
Scarlet fever
Sycosis
Mouth-hand-foot syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Syphilis
Ringworm
Bullous drug eruption
Trombidiosis
Tuberculosis
Tungose
Urticaria
Varicella
Necrotizing vasculitis
Wart
Vitiligo
Vulvovaginitis
Xanthoma
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Shingles


List of cardiovascular diseases (heart diseases)

Heart disorders

  • Cardiac arrhythmias – conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow. Many types of arrhythmia have no symptoms. When symptoms are present these may include palpitations or feeling a pause between heartbeats. More seriously there may be lightheadednesspassing outshortness of breath, or chest pain. While most types of arrhythmia are not serious, some predispose a person to complications such as stroke or heart failure. Others may result in cardiac arrest.
    • Atrial fibrillation (afib or AF) – Fibrillation of the atria is fairly common and more common with increased age and overall disease of the heart. If the ventricular rate exceeds 100 then the afib is further classified as “afib with RVR” meaning rapid ventricular response.
    • Atrial flutter (AFL) – A re-entrant tachycardia greater than 240 beats per minute and produces a characteristic saw-tooth pattern on ECG. It often degenerates to atrial fibrillation.
    • Heart block – A decrease in the ability of the conduction system to transmit action pulses in the orderly manner. Blockage of the signal at different areas results in different types of heart block (e.g., first-degree AV blockleft bundle branch block).
    • Long QT syndrome – Lengthening of the QT interval can result in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Specifically, it can lead to torsades de pointes than can then lead to ventricular fibrillation. It can be an inherited disorder or be acquired. Certain medications are associated with lengthening of the QT interval — drug-induced QT prolongation — and an EKG may be warranted before starting the medication to ensure a normal QT interval, but this practice is debated.
    • Premature atrial contractions (PACs or APCs) – Normal beats originate in the SA node and extra beats originating from the atria are called PACs. They can be found in normal hearts and be asymptomatic; symptomatic PACs can be treated with beta blockers. PACs, like PVCs, can pair up with normal beats in a pattern called bigeminy.
    • Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) – Normal beats are conducted through the AV node to the ventricles resulting in a narrow QRS complex. With PVCs, the extra beat originates within the ventricles and results in a wide QRS complex. Like PACs, they can be found in healthy hearts but are more likely to be found in bigeminy than PACs.
    • Sick sinus syndrome, Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (BTS) – Disease of the SA node that results in irregular changes in heart rate and in the case of BTS the arrhythmia alternates between bradycardia and tachycardia.
    • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) – A collection of tachycardia rhythms that originate before the ventricles and include the SA node, atria, and AV node. It is a broad, encomparsing term that includes other rhythms in this list (e.g., afib with RVR) and others.
    • Torsades de pointes – A polymorphic arrhythmia that can be syptomatic and tends to resolve to a normal sinus rhythm. However, there is a concern
    • Ventricular fibrillation (vfib) – Fibrillation of the ventricles is a life-threatening arrhythmia and should be treated by defibrillation and is a medical emergency. Vfib results from uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles and defibrillation acts as a ‘reset’ to synchronize contraction (i.e., a normal rhythm).
    • Ventricular tachycardia (vtach) – Tachycardia that originates from within the ventricles. Typically, “vtach” implies monomorphology but it can be an umbrella term for both monomorphic and polymorphic (i.e., torsade de pointes). To classify a ventricular rhythm as vtach, at least 3 beats in a row must originate from the ventricles and have a rate over 100. If it lasts longer than 30 seconds, it can additionally be labelled as a sustained vtach.
  • Coronary circulation disorders
    • Atherosclerosis – Atherosclerosis is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials (e.g., cholesterol) and white blood cells (“foam cells”). Atherosclerosis of a coronary artery leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). Atherosclerosis is a broad term referring to loss of elasticity of arteries and more specific terms exist — arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis — to narrow which arteries are diseased and can easily be confused due to similar spelling. Overall, atherosclerosis tends to affect the arteries of highest pressure: aorta, coronary, renal, femoral, cerebral, and carotid.
    • Coronary artery disease (CAD)– Coronary artery disease is a general term for any reduction in coronary circulation. One such cause is atherosclerosis. CAD can lead to ischemia (angina pectoris) or infarction (myocardial infarction). Treatment of CAD includes angioplastystenting, and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).
      • Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) – ACS is a medical emergency and is a broad term encompassing many acute myocardial infarction symptoms. As a syndrome, it consists of a constellation of symptoms and can have many causes. The top three causes of ACS are ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 30%), non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, 25%), or unstable angina (38%). The first two are myocardial infarctions which are more commonly known as “heart attacks.”
      • Angina pectoris – Angina pectoris literally means “chest pain” that refers to pain caused by ischemia of the heart. The main cause of angina is coronary artery disease, but can result from other non-atherosclerotic causes such as anemia and heart failure. Stable angina results if the angina resolves with rest or nitroglycerin, but can progress to unstable angina which is a form of acute coronary syndrome.
      • Myocardial infarction (a.k.a. heart attack) – A myocardial infarction is the death of a part of the heart which is typically caused by a blockage of the coronary circulation but can be caused by other insufficiency such as cardiogenic shock.
    • Restenosis – Recurrence of stenosis after being treated (e.g., stenting).
  • Cardiac arrest – cessation of normal systemic circulation due to failure in proper contraction of the heart. There are several conditions that can cause cardiac arrest. Treatment of cardiac arrest includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), and treatment of the underlying cause of arrest.
    • Asystole (“flatline”) – Asystole refers to the absence of electrical activity of the heart and is sometimes referred to as a “flatline” because the electrocardiogram shows a solid line due to the absence of electrical activity. This flatline is commonly used in television and movies to signal death. There are numerous causes of asystole that may be reversible if determined quickly enough, however, survival is very unlikely (~2% if not in a hospital). In contrast, asystole is desired and induced during cardiopulmonary bypass through a cardioplegia solution containing very high amounts of potassium. One additional example is the use of high potassium in lethal injection that results in asystole, cardiac arrest, and then death.
    • Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) – Pulseless electrical activity is when the electrocardiogram shows a rhythm that should produce a pulse but it does not. PEA is commonly caused by the 6 H’s and 6 T’s (see PEA article) and results in decreased cardiac output and insufficient oxygen delivery to the body.
    • Pulseless ventricular tachycardia – Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) Is one classification of VT such that no pulse is felt because of an ineffective cardiac output which causes cardiac arrest, which also results in insufficient oxygen delivery to the body.
    • Sudden cardiac death (SCD) – concept of natural death rather than a specific medical condition. There are several causes of sudden cardiac death and it is distinct from cardiac arrest. The leading cause of SCD in young athletes is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but can also result from commotio cordis that is often sustained during athletic activity.
    • Ventricular fibrillation – Ventricular fibrillation is fibrillation of the ventricles of the heart. Rhythmic contraction is necessary for efficient movement of blood, and fibrillation disrupts this rhythm sufficiently to cause cardiac arrest.
  • Disorders of the pericardium
    • Pericarditis – Inflammation of the pericardium that is typically idiopathic or infectious in nature (the membrane covering the heart). This inflammation is accompanied by swelling at the level of this membrane, in particular due to an excess of fluid circulating between the pericardium and the heart. The main symptoms of pericarditis are pain in the chest. These pains can occur suddenly, sharply and severely. The pain is usually worse at night when lying down and less when sitting. Treatment of viral & idiopathic pericarditis is NSAIDs or aspirin.
    • Pericardial effusion – The serous pericardium normally contains fluid that reduces friction, but an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardium is called a pericardial effusion. The list of causes is lengthy but includes pericarditis, rheumatic diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), trauma, and blood from myocardial rupture. If an effusion worsens then the fluid can inhibit heart function and symptoms of cardiac tamponade appear. Treatment includes pericardiocentesis to drain the fluid, if necessary, and treatment of the underlying cause.
    • Pericardial tamponade – Tamponade is a medical emergency resulting from accumulation of fluid in the pericardium that inhibits heart function. Tamponade is a consequence of the fibrous pericardium being too inelastic to permit adequate heart expansion during diastole. The classic finding is pulsus paradoxus as well as Beck’s triad (low arterial blood pressure, distended neck veins, & soft heart sounds). Treatment is supportive until in a hospital where pericardiocentesis or a pericardial window can be performed to drain the fluid.
  • Diseases of blood vessels – diseases of the blood vessels can be multidisciplinary in nature. For example, medical treatment of atherosclerosis tends to be managed by cardiologists while vascular surgery repairs aneurysms and stenotic arteries.
    • Atherosclerosis – Thickening of an arterial wall due to increased cholesterol and macrophages (see above).
    • Aneurysm – Balloon-like bulging of arteries (also possible of the heart: see ventricular aneurysm above).
    • Aortic dissection – Dissection along the length of the aorta between the layers of the aortic wall. Dissection of the ascending aorta (type A) is a surgical emergency while dissection of the descending aorta (type B) can possibly be managed medically. Dissection of the ascending aorta is an emergency because dissection may interrupt coronary blood flow and blood flow to the brain, neither of which tolerate ischemia particularly well.
    • Aortic rupture – Frank rupture of the aorta is often fatal from internal bleeding. Rupture of the aorta can occur at the sites of aneurysm, but is also due to trauma and results in a traumatic aortic rupture.
    • Carotid artery – Diseases of the carotid arteries:
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) – Formation of a thrombus in a deep vein, commonly in the legs that may break loose, travel to the lungs, and occlude blood flow (pulmonary embolism) sufficient to interrupt oxygenation to the body.
    • Traveller’s thrombosis / economy class syndrome: A DVT due to being sedentary during air travel.
    • Microangiopathy – Disease of capillaries in which the walls become thick and weak, and result in bleeding and decreased blood flow. One very common cause is diabetes mellitus in which microangiopathy results in diabetic nephropathydiabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy.
    • Varicose veins – Veins that have become enlarged and tortuous with failed valves, commonly in the legs. Vericose veins have cosmetic concerns, but they may become painful. Surgery and sclerotherapy are two options for treating varicose veins.
    • Vasculitis – Inflammation of blood vessels (veins & arteries) with a long list of causes.
      • Aortitis – Inflammation of the aorta that can be seen in giant cell arteritispolymyalgia rheumaticarheumatoid arthritissyphilis and Takayasu’s arteritis.
      • Behçet’s disease – Affects small-sized vessels that often initially presents with oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis, and can be fatal from ruptured aneurysms. Pericarditis is commonly seen with Behçet’s.
      • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) – Affects small- & medium-sized vessels that often affects lungs, kidneys, & heart in those with a history of airway allergic hypersensitivity and p-ANCA antibodies.
      • Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) / Temporal arteritis – Affects medium- & large-sized vessels of the head, typically branches of the external carotid artery and namely the temporal artery. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery results in blindness. Suspicion of GCA necessitates immediate treatment with glucocorticoids and temporal artery biopsy.
      • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) – Affects small- & medium-sized vessels that often affects the lung & kidneys (RPGN) with classic saddle nose and c-ANCA antibodies.
      • IgA vasculitis (IgAV; formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura) – Affects small-sized vessels and produces palpable purpura and proteinuria from immunocomplex (IgA) deposition.
      • Kawasaki disease – Affects medium-sized vessels mostly seen in young children with myocarditis, & pericarditis, and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children (results in coronary artery aneurysms). Myocardial infarction from coronary thrombosis is the most common cause of death from Kawasaki disease.
      • Thromboangiitis obliterans – Affects small- & medium-sized vessels that is strongly associated with tobacco products. Pain, diminished pulses, gangrene and eventual amputation of affected hands and feet.

List of respiratory diseases

Acute upper respiratory infections
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
acute rhinitis , infectious rhinitis , acute rhinopharyngitis , infectious rhinopharyngitis, rhinitisAcute rhinopharyngitis [colds]
Acute maxillary sinusitis (acute sinusitis ), acute frontal sinusitis acute sinusitis ethmoid , acute sphenoid sinusitis , acute pansinusitisAcute sinusitis
Acute sore throatstreptococcal pharyngitis , acute pharyngitis nnb, acute pharyngitisAcute pharyngitis
Acute tonsillitis , streptococcal tonsillitis , angina follicularisAcute tonsillitis
Acute laryngitis , acute tracheitis , acute laryngotracheitisAcute laryngitis and tracheitis
Acute obstructive laryngitis [ croup ], acute epiglottitisAcute obstructive laryngitis [croup] and epiglottitis
Acute laryngopharyngitis , flu-like infectionAcute infections in multiple or unspecified locations of the upper respiratory tract

Hypoxia: is a medical term used to refer to a lack of oxygen supply to the tissues of the body. Localized or generalized, hypoxia requires adequate medical management to avoid the onset of complications.

Influenza and Pneumonia (Lung infection)
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Bird fluInfluenza due to avian influenza viruses that have been proven
fluInfluenza from other known influenza viruses
Flu, viruses not detected
Viral pneumoniaViral Pneumonia, not elsewhere classified
Streptococcus pneumoniaePneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae pneumonia
Bacterial pneumoniaBacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified
Pneumonia due to other infectious agentsPneumonia due to other infectious agents, not elsewhere classified
 Pneumonia in Diseases Classified ElsewherePneumonia in Diseases Classified Elsewhere
Pneumonia, pathogenPneumonia, pathogen unspecified
Other acute lower respiratory infections
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Acute bronchitis , acute tracheobronchitisAcute bronchitis
Acute bronchiolitisAcute bronchiolitis
Acute lower respiratory infection, unspecified
Other diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Rhinopathia vasomotoricaallergic rhinitis (hay feverpollen allergypollinosis )Vasomotor and allergic rhinopathy
Chronic rhinitisOzaena, chronic nasopharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitisChronic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, and pharyngitis
Chronic maxillary sinusitis, chronic maxillary sinusitis,
chronic 
frontal sinusitis, chronic ethmoidal sinusitis, chronic sphenoidal sinusitis, chronic pansinusitis
Chronic sinusitis
Polyp of the nasal cavity, choanal polyp, nasopharyngeal polyp,
polyposis nasalis deformans (Woakes syndromeethmoiditis)
Nasal polyp
Abscessboils and carbuncles of the nose; Cyst or mucocele of the nose and sinus;
Nasal septal deviationTurbinate hypertrophyperforation of the nasal septumrhinolite
Other diseases of the nose and sinuses
Chronic tonsillitishyperplasia of the tonsilshyperplasia of the pharynx
 (adenoid vegetation), almond stonetonsil ulcer
Chronic diseases of the tonsils and tonsils
Peritonsillar abscessperitonsillar phlegmontonsillar abscessretrotonsillar abscessPeritonsillar abscess
Chronic laryngitis, chronic laryngotracheitisChronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis
Glottislähmunglaryngeal paralysisvocal cord paralysispolyp,
Kehlkopfpolypvocal cord nodules (nodular chorditis,
fibrinous chorditistuberous chorditisteacher nodulesSinger nodules),
Stimmlippengranulomlaryngeal edemaReinke’s edemalaryngeal spasm,
Laryngismuscrouplaryngeal stenosis
Diseases of the vocal folds and larynx, not elsewhere classified
RetropharyngealParapharyngealabszess,
NasopharynxabszessRachenphlegmonetornwaldt cyst
Other diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Bronchitis , tracheobronchitisBronchitis, not designated as acute or chronic
Chronic bronchitisSimple and slimy-purulent chronic bronchitis
Bronchitis , tracheitis , tracheobronchitisUnspecified chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary emphysema , McLeod syndrome ( unilateral emphysema , unilateral light lung ), panlobular emphysema ( panacinous emphysema ), centrilobular emphysemaEmphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseOther chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchial asthma , allergic bronchial asthma , allergic bronchitis , atopic asthma , exogenous allergic bronchial asthma ( extrinsic asthma ), nonallergic bronchial asthma , endogenous nonallergic bronchial asthma ( intrinsic asthma ), analgesic asthma , asthmatic bronchitis , late-onset asthmabronchial asthma
Status asthmaticus ( acute severe bronchial asthma )Status asthmaticus
Bronchiectasis , bronchiolectasisBronchiectasis
Lung diseases caused by exogenous substances
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Coal miners pneumoconiosis , anthracosis , anthracosilicosis , coal dust lungCoal Miners Pneumoconiosis
AsbestosisPneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other inorganic fibers
silicosisPneumoconiosis due to fumed silica
Aluminosis , bauxite fibrosis , berylliosis , graphite fibrosis , siderosis , stannosisPneumoconiosis due to other inorganic dusts
Unspecified pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosisPneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis
Byssinosis , flat-worker’s disease , CannabioseRespiratory disease caused by specific organic dust
Allergic alveolitis , farmer’s lung (Drescher-lungharvester-lungMoldy hay disease), Bagassose (bagasse diseasebagasse pneumonitis ), bird breeders lung (pigeon fancier’s disease , pigeon fancier lungbudgerigar breeder’s disease , budgie breeders lung ), Suberosis (Cork worker diseasecork worker lung , cork peeler disease , cork peeler lung ),Malt worker lung , mushroom worker lung , maple bark peeler lung , humidifier lung (air conditioning lung), fish meal worker lung , cheese washer lungcoffee worker lungfurrier lungsequoiosis , exogenous allergic alveolitis ( hypersensitive pneumonitis )Allergic alveolitis due to organic dust
Respiratory diseases caused by inhalation of chemical substances, gases, smoke and vapors
Aspiration pneumonia , lipid pneumoniaPneumonia due to solid and liquid substances
Radiation pneumonitispulmonary fibrosis after exposure to radiationRespiratory diseases caused by other exogenous substances
Other diseases of the respiratory organs, mainly affecting the interstitium
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Adult respiratory distress syndrome ( Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome , ARDS, Hyaline Membrane Disease )Respiratory distress syndrome in adults [ARDS]
Acute pulmonary edema , pulmonary congestionPulmonary edema
Eosinophilic lung infiltrate ( Löffler syndrome (I), tropical eosinophilia , pulmonary eosinophilia )Eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate, not elsewhere classified
Alveolar proteinosis , microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum , acute interstitial pneumonia ( diffuse pulmonary fibrosis , fibrosing alveolitis , Hamman-Rich syndrome , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ), interstitial pneumoniaOther interstitial lung diseases
Purulent and Necrotizing Lower Respiratory Diseases
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Pulmonary gangrene , pulmonary necrosis , lung abscess , mediastinal abscessAbscess of the lungs and mediastinum
Pyothorax , pleural abscess , thoracic abscess , empyema , pyopneumothoraxPyothorax
Other diseases of the pleura
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Pleural effusionPleural effusion, not elsewhere classified
Pleural effusion in diseases classified elsewhere
Pleural plaques ( pleural thickening )Pleural plaques
Pneumothorax , spontaneous pneumothorax , tension pneumothoraxPneumothorax
Chylothorax , fibrothorax , hemothorax , hemopneumothorax , hydrothoraxOther conditions of the pleura
Other diseases of the respiratory system
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Mendelson’s syndromeRespiratory diseases following medical intervention, not elsewhere classified
Respiratory failureRespiratory failure, not elsewhere classified
Broncholithiasis , stenosis of the bronchus , Tracheobronchial dyskinesia , tracheobronchial collapse syndrome , ulcer of the bronchus , lung collapse , atelectasis , interstitial emphysema , mediastinal , Pneumolithiasis , Cystic lung disease (acquired), mediastinal , mediastinitis , displacement of the mediastinum , Relaxatio diaphragmatica , diaphragmatic paralysis , diaphragm inflammationOther respiratory diseases

Cancer list

Types of Cancer | List all of Cancers | Adult, Children, Head and neck, Digestive and Types of Blood Cancer


List of eye diseases and disorders

Blepharospasm
Disorders of eyelid, tear apparatus and orbit
Conjunctival disorders
Disorders of sclera, cornea , iris and ciliary body
Disorders of lens
Choroid and retinal disorders
Glaucoma
Disorders of vitreous body and eyeball
Disorders of optic nerve and optic pathways
Disorders of eye muscles and disorders in binocular eye movement, accommodation and refraction
Visual disturbances and blindness
Other disorders of the eye and adnexes


List of genetic diseases (identified gene, unidentified gene)

Inherited diseases follow different inheritance patterns and are associated with different inheritance, recurrence and disease probabilities. A distinction is made between autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance from gonosomal and mitochondrial inheritance.

Autosomal recessive modes of inheritance

The peculiarity only appears if there is a change ( mutation ) in both copies of a certain gene on both chromosomes , i.e. That is, if the person in question has inherited one change from his biological father and one from his biological mother. The parents do not have to be affected, so the phenotype does not occur in every generation. The mutation does not have to be identical. If two mutations that can be distinguished by molecular genetics lead to the same loss of function in a gene, one speaks of compound heterozygosity . Examples of autosomal recessive inheritance are cystic fibrosis and albinismand phenylketonuria (PKU) (a defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase).

Autosomal recessive inherited diseases are mostly loss-of-function mutations . The causes of apparent deviations in autosomal recessive inheritance are pseudo-dominance , heterogeneity , isodisomy and the fact that heterozygotes with sick children are not included in the calculation. Typical examples are:

Autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance

Here an altered allele (alleles are the mutually and at the same time oppositely corresponding genes of a diploid chromosome set) on one of the two homologous chromosomes leads to the characteristic expression. The genetic information is available on one of the 44 autosomes and is inherited regardless of gender . So women and men are equally affected. The phenotype occurs in every generation. Examples are:

Gonosomal modes of inheritance

Hereditary gonosomal diseases, i.e. those in which the change affects the sex chromosomes X or Y, are in most cases on the X chromosome , since the Y chromosome contains fewer genes. The X chromosome has 155 megabases, the Y chromosome 59 megabases. Using the example of X-linked inheritance , the following peculiarities become clear:

X-linked recessive

Girls / women are only affected if both X chromosomes are damaged, otherwise they are only carriers (conductors), d. In other words, they can pass on the changed X chromosome to their children, but do not develop a corresponding phenotype themselves. Girls / women can often compensate for the change on one X chromosome with their second X chromosome if it is not changed. Boys / men are affected if they inherit one of the changed X chromosomes from the phenotypically healthy mother, or one of the two changed X chromosomes from a phenotypically diseased mother, since boys / men definitely have one X chromosome from the Get a mother and have only this one. Boys / men are phenotypically affected more often, since girls / women compensate for the defect with the other X chromosome. Examples are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency),Hemophilia A and B (hemophilia), Lesch-Nyhan syndrome , Fabry disease , mucopolysaccharidosis type II, muscular dystrophy (Duchenne type, Becker-Kiener type), Norrie syndrome , retinitis pigmentosa , red-green blindness , septic granulomatosis , X- SCID (severe combined immune deficiency) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency ( urea cycle defect )

X-linked dominant

Boys / men are 50% affected if their mother is a carrier of a disease-causing allele on an X chromosome. If, on the other hand, both of their X chromosomes contain the disease-causing allele, all children are affected. Overall, girls / women are more frequently affected, as the probability of receiving an altered X chromosome is higher with two X chromosomes (one from the father, one from the mother) than with boys / men (one from the mother). Examples are familial phosphatemic rickets (also called idiopathic Debré-de-Toni-Fanconi syndrome or vitamin D-resistant rickets ), Rett syndrome and orofacio-digital syndrome type 1 .

Mitochondrial or extrachromosomal inheritance

About 0.1 percent of the DNA in a human cell is not in the nucleus, but in the mitochondria . Since egg cells, unlike sperm, have several hundred thousand mitochondria, mutations in the mitochondrial DNA are only inherited on the maternal side. The same applies to the chloroplasts of photosynthetically active organisms.

See also extrachromosomal inheritance

Diagnosis and treatment

If a hereditary disease is suspected, a human genetic test can provide clarity. The chromosomes are checked for numerical and structural changes. If there is an urgent suspicion of a certain genetic defect, a more extensive, complex investigation of individual gene constellations is also possible. The results can then be helpful in assessing the risk of inheritance.

If the genetic make-up is peculiar to itself, it is usually not possible to act on the causes with today’s medical options. Therefore advice is usually given regarding lifestyle, education about risk factors and symptomatic measures. These are then individual decisions, especially since it is not always an illness, but often a disposition.

For a few diseases, such as B. spinal muscular atrophy, there are first attempts at therapy.

History

The term genetic disease , which has only been used since the 20th century to mean genetic disease , was also often misused in the first half of the 20th century , including for alleged “diseases” such as “criminal tendencies” or “antisociality”. This thinking influenced sterilization programs and the euthanasia idea and found its extreme expression in German National Socialism, but was also present in many other countries such as the USA, England and France at the time. Today, only those diseases are called hereditary diseases that can be defined as clearly as possible and are very likely to be due to genetic defects.

Chromosome Related Inheritance Diseases for X and Y (Genetic Disorders)

 


Benign hereditary diseases

illnessInheritanceChromosome / genedescription
AlbinismAutosomal recessiveChromosome 11 , locus q14-21, chromosome 15 , locus q11-13, chromosome 9 , locus p23, chromosome 5 , locus p13.3Lack of synthesis of melanin leads to light or white hair, eyes and skin color
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyAutosomal recessiveChromosome 14 , locus q32.1An increased risk of liver cirrhosis or pulmonary emphysema due to a congenital lower concentration of this enzyme
Chorea huntingtonAutosomal dominantChromosome 4 , locus p16.3Fatal motor and psychological disorder due to the increased incorporation of glutamine in the protein huntingtin
GalactosemiaAutosomal recessiveChromosome 9If left untreated, intracellular storage of galactose is often fatal due to the lack of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
Hemophilia A.X-linkedX chromosomeIncreased bleeding tendency due to a lack of coagulation factor VIII
Hemophilia B.X-linkedX chromosomeIncreased bleeding tendency due to a lack of coagulation factor IX
cretinismAutosomal recessive or dominantMultiple genes, e.g. B. Chromosome 2 , locus q14.1 and chromosome 14 , locus q31.1Short stature, deformity of the limbs, speech disorders and intellectual disorders caused by a congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone ( thyroxine )
Cleft lip and palatePolygenetic(multiple genes)Congenital splitting of the lips, upper jaw, roof of the mouth, or a combination of these
Metachromatic LeukodystrophyPolygenetically autosomal recessive(multiple genes)Unsteady gait, speech disorders due to lack of aryl sulfate
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1Polygenetically autosomal(multiple genes)Different symptoms, which only appear in childhood, due to the storage of glycosaminoglycans in cells.
Cystic fibrosisAutosomal recessiveChromosome 7 , locus q31.2Dysfunction of the lungs and pancreas due to the formation of thick mucus, leading in the end stage to lung failure or pancreatic insufficiency
NeurofibromatosisAutosomal dominant (spontaneous mutation in 50% of cases)Chromosome 17 , locus q11.2Development of benign tumors on the skin, in the eyes and bones, and in the central nervous system
PhenylketonuriaAutosomal recessiveChromosome 12 , locus q22 to q24Impaired brain development and skull growth due to a lack of the enzyme phenyl alanine hydroxylase
Sickle cell anemiaAutosomal codominantChromosome 11Deformities of the red blood cells lead to painful crises; symptomatic only in the homozygous form
Spinal muscular atrophyAutosomal recessiveChromosome 5 , locus q13Muscle wasting due to the loss of motor nerve cells in the spinal cord
Tay-Sachs syndromeAutosomal recessiveChromosome 15 , locus q23-24Severe mental retardation with blindness from birth; the fewest children affected are older than three years
Cystic kidneysAutosomal recessiveChromosome 16Development of multiple cysts in the kidneys from adulthood, leading to renal failure in the end-stage

List of infectious diseases

DiseaseCausative Agent (Bacteria, Virus, or other organism/agent)
Acinetobacter infectionsAcinetobacter baumannii
ActinomycosisActinomyces israeliiActinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus
African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)Trypanosoma brucei
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
AmebiasisEntamoeba histolytica
AnaplasmosisAnaplasma genus
AnthraxBacillus anthracis
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infectionArcanobacterium haemolyticum
Argentine hemorrhagic feverJunin virus
AscariasisAscaris lumbricoides
AspergillosisAspergillus genus
Astrovirus infectionAstroviridae family
BabesiosisBabesia genus
Bacillus cereus infectionBacillus cereus
Bacterial pneumoniamultiple bacteria
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)multiple bacteria
Bacteroides infectionBacteroides genus
BalantidiasisBalantidium coli
Baylisascaris infectionBaylisascaris genus
BK virus infectionBK virus
Black piedraPiedraia hortae
Blastocystis hominis infectionBlastocystis hominis
BlastomycosisBlastomyces dermatitidis
Bolivian hemorrhagic feverMachupo virus
Borrelia infectionBorrelia genus
Botulism (and Infant botulism)Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin.
Brazilian hemorrhagic feverSabia
BrucellosisBrucella genus
Burkholderia infectionusually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species
Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus)Caliciviridae family
CampylobacteriosisCampylobacter genus
Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush)Candida albicans and other Candida species
Cat-scratch diseaseBartonella henselae
Cellulitisusually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis)Trypanosoma cruzi
ChancroidHaemophilus ducreyi
ChickenpoxVaricella zoster virus (VZV)
ChlamydiaChlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infectionChlamydophila pneumoniae
CholeraVibrio cholerae
Chromoblastomycosisusually Fonsecaea pedrosoi
ClonorchiasisClonorchis sinensis
Clostridium difficile infectionClostridium difficile
CoccidioidomycosisCoccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii
Colorado tick fever (CTF)Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)CJD prion
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
CryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformans
CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidium genus
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites
CyclosporiasisCyclospora cayetanensis
CysticercosisTaenia solium
Cytomegalovirus infectionCytomegalovirus
Dengue feverDengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses
DientamoebiasisDientamoeba fragilis
DiphtheriaCorynebacterium diphtheriae
DiphyllobothriasisDiphyllobothrium
DracunculiasisDracunculus medinensis
Ebola hemorrhagic feverEbolavirus (EBOV)
EchinococcosisEchinococcus genus
EhrlichiosisEhrlichia genus
Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection)Enterobius vermicularis
Enterococcus infectionEnterococcus genus
Enterovirus infectionEnterovirus genus
Epidemic typhusRickettsia prowazekii
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)Parvovirus B19
Exanthem subitumHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)
FasciolopsiasisFasciolopsis buski
FasciolosisFasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)FFI prion
FilariasisFilarioidea superfamily
Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringensClostridium perfringens
Free-living amebic infectionmultiple
Fusobacterium infectionFusobacterium genus
Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species
GeotrichosisGeotrichum candidum
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)GSS prion
GiardiasisGiardia intestinalis
GlandersBurkholderia mallei
GnathostomiasisGnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum
GonorrheaNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)Klebsiella granulomatis
Group A streptococcal infectionStreptococcus pyogenes
Group B streptococcal infectionStreptococcus agalactiae
Haemophilus influenzae infectionHaemophilus influenzae
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus 71 (EV71)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)Sin Nombre virus
Helicobacter pylori infectionHelicobacter pylori
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)Escherichia coli O157:H7
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)Bunyaviridae family
Hepatitis AHepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis BHepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis CHepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis DHepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis EHepatitis E Virus
Herpes simplexHerpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
HistoplasmosisHistoplasma capsulatum
Hookworm infectionAncylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Human bocavirus infectionHuman bocavirus (HBoV)
Human ewingii ehrlichiosisEhrlichia ewingii
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Human metapneumovirus infectionHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Human monocytic ehrlichiosisEhrlichia chaffeensis
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infectionHuman papillomavirus (HPV)
Human parainfluenza virus infectionHuman parainfluenza viruses (HPIV)
HymenolepiasisHymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta
Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Influenza (flu)Orthomyxoviridae family
IsosporiasisIsospora belli
Kawasaki diseaseunknown; evidence supports that it is infectious
Keratitismultiple
Kingella kingae infectionKingella kingae
KuruKuru prion
Lassa feverLassa virus
Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ disease)Legionella pneumophila
Legionellosis (Pontiac fever)Legionella pneumophila
LeishmaniasisLeishmania genus
LeprosyMycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis
LeptospirosisLeptospira genus
ListeriosisListeria monocytogenes
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)usually Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species
Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
Lymphocytic choriomeningitisLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
MalariaPlasmodium genus
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF)Marburg virus
MeaslesMeasles virus
Melioidosis (Whitmore’s disease)Burkholderia pseudomallei
Meningitismultiple
Meningococcal diseaseNeisseria meningitidis
Metagonimiasisusually Metagonimus yokagawai
MicrosporidiosisMicrosporidia phylum
Molluscum contagiosum (MC)Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)
MumpsMumps virus
Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)Rickettsia typhi
Mycoplasma pneumoniaMycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycetomanumerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma)
Myiasisparasitic dipterous fly larvae
Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum)most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(New) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD)vCJD prion
Nocardiosisusually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species
COVID-19Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Onchocerciasis (River blindness)Onchocerca volvulus
Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis)Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Paragonimiasisusually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species
PasteurellosisPasteurella genus
Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)Pediculus humanus capitis
Pediculosis corporis (Body lice)Onchocerca volvulus
Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice, Crab lice)Phthirus pubis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)multiple
Pertussis (Whooping cough)Bordetella pertussis
PlagueYersinia pestis
Pneumococcal infectionStreptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumoniamultiple
PoliomyelitisPoliovirus
Prevotella infectionPrevotella genus
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)usually Naegleria fowleri
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyJC virus
PsittacosisChlamydophila psittaci
Q feverCoxiella burnetii
RabiesRabies virus
Rat-bite feverStreptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus
Respiratory syncytial virus infectionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
RhinosporidiosisRhinosporidium seeberi
Rhinovirus infectionRhinovirus
Rickettsial infectionRickettsia genus
RickettsialpoxRickettsia akari
Rift Valley fever (RVF)Rift Valley fever virus
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)Rickettsia rickettsii
Rotavirus infectionRotavirus
RubellaRubella virus
SalmonellosisSalmonella genus
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)SARS coronavirus
ScabiesSarcoptes scabiei
SchistosomiasisSchistosoma genus
Sepsismultiple
Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery)Shigella genus
Shingles (Herpes zoster)Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Smallpox (Variola)Variola major or Variola minor
SporotrichosisSporothrix schenckii
Staphylococcal food poisoningStaphylococcus genus
Staphylococcal infectionStaphylococcus genus
StrongyloidiasisStrongyloides stercoralis
SyphilisTreponema pallidum
TaeniasisTaenia genus
Tetanus (Lockjaw)Clostridium tetani
Tinea barbae (Barber’s itch)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp)usually Trichophyton tonsurans
Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea cruris (Jock itch)usually Epidermophyton floccosumTrichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Tinea manuum (Ringworm of the Hand)Trichophyton rubrum
Tinea nigrausually Hortaea werneckii
Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)Malassezia genus
Toxocariasis (Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM))Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM))Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
ToxoplasmosisToxoplasma gondii
TrichinellosisTrichinella spiralis
TrichomoniasisTrichomonas vaginalis
Trichuriasis (Whipworm infection)Trichuris trichiura
Tuberculosisusually Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TularemiaFrancisella tularensis
Ureaplasma urealyticum infectionUreaplasma urealyticum
Venezuelan equine encephalitisVenezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Venezuelan hemorrhagic feverGuanarito virus
Viral pneumoniamultiple viruses
West Nile FeverWest Nile virus
White piedra (Tinea blanca)Trichosporon beigelii
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infectionYersinia pseudotuberculosis
YersiniosisYersinia enterocolitica
Yellow feverYellow fever virus
ZygomycosisMucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis)

Mental illness, mood disorders, personality disorders

Organic mental disorders, including symptomatic disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (G30)Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementiaMultiinfarct dementiasubcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathyinfarction
Dementia in other classified diseasesPick disease (G31.0), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (A81.0), Chorea Huntington (G10), Parkinson’s disease (G20), AIDS (B22)
Unspecified dementia
Organic amnestic syndrome, not caused by alcohol or other psychotropic substancesAmnesiaKorsakov Syndrome
Delir, not caused by alcohol or other psychotropic substancesdelirium
Other mental disorders due to brain damage or dysfunction or physical illnessOrganic PsychosyndromeHallucination
Personality and behavioural disorder due to illness, damage or dysfunction of the brainFrontal brain syndromepersonality disorders
Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorderpsychosis
Mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychotropic substances
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by alcoholAlcohol-related illnessKorsakov syndrome
Mental and behavioral disorders caused by opioidsopioid
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by cannabinoidsCannabinoids
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by sedatives or hypnoticsHarmful use of benzodiazepinessedativehypnotic, sleep aids
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by cocainecocaine
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by other stimulants, including caffeineStimulantCaffeine
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by hallucinogensHallucinogenHorror trip
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by tobaccotobacco
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by volatile solvents
Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple substance use and use of other psychotropic substances 
descriptionNames of Complications (Additional to Encrypt * Code)
Acute Intoxication [Acute Intoxication]intoxication
Harmful use
Dependency syndromeDependency syndrome
Withdrawal syndrome
Withdrawal syndrome with Delirdelirium
Psychotic disorderSubstance-induced psychosis
Amnestic syndromeKorsakov syndrome
Schizophrenia, schizotype and delusional disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
schizophreniaSchizophreniacatatoniahebephrene schizophrenia
Schizotype DisorderSchizotypic personality disorder
Persistent delusional disturbancesdelusion
Acute transient psychotic disorderspsychosis
Induced delusional disorderInduced delusional disorder
Schizoaffective disordersSchizoaffective disorder
Affective Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Manic episodeHypomaniaMania
Bipolar affective disorderbipolar disorder
Depressive Episodedepression
Recurrent depressive disorderdepression
Persistent mood disordersZyklothymiaDysthymia
Neurotic, Stress and Somatoform Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Phobic disordersAgoraphobia, Social Phobia, Acrophobia, Specific Phobia, Phobic Disorder, List of Phobic Disorders
Other anxiety disordersPanic disorderGeneralized anxiety disorder, anxiety and depressive disorder (mixed), other anxiety disorders
OCDObsessive compulsive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, obsession
Reactions to severe loads and adaptation disordersPost-traumatic stress disorder, Acute stress response, Adaptation disorder, Hospitalism
Dissociative Disorders [Conversion Disorders]Fugue, Poriomania,Dromomania, Conversion Hysteria, Amnesia, Ganser Syndrome, Multiple Personality Disorder, Pseudodebility, Obsession, Conversion (Psychology)
Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorder, somatoform pain disorder, briquet syndrome,psychogens: dysphagia, itching, bruxism, hyperventilation
Other neurotic disordersNeurastheniaDepersonalizationDerealizationWriting SpasmsDhat SyndromePsychasthenia, Psychogenic Syncope (Medicine)
Behavioural abnormalities with physical disorders and factors
descriptionDiseases and further articles
eating disordersAnorexia nervosabulimiabinge eatingpica syndrome,
Non-organic sleep disordersParasomniaPrimary InsomniaSomnambulismPavor nocturnus
Sexual dysfunction not caused by an organic disorder or diseaseSexual Appetenz DisorderHypersexualityNymphomaniaSatyriasis, Psychogens /-er: VaginismusAnorgasmia and HyporgasmiaImpotenceDyspareunia
Mental or behavioural disorders in the weekbed, not classified elsewherePostpartum mood crises
Psychological or behavioural factors in other classified diseasesz.B. in asthmaulcerative colitisdermatitisstomach ulcers, mucomembranous colitis , urticaria (hives)
Harmful use of non-dependency-causing substancesdrug or drug abuse, abusus, addiction or dependence; Withdrawal syndromewithdrawal symptoms
Unspecified behavioural abnormalities in physical disorders and factors
Personality and Behavioural Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Specific personality disordersparanoidsSchizoideBorderlineDissocialEmotionally unstableHistrionicAnankatic (compulsive)Anxious (avoiding)Dependent (asthenic) and Other specific personality disorder (eccentric, baseless, narcissistic, passive-aggressive,psychoneurotic, immature)
Combined and other personality disorders
Persistent personality changes, not consequence of brain damage or diseaseComplex post-traumatic stress disorder
Abnormal habits and disturbances of impulse controlPathological playpyromaniakleptomaniatrichotillomania
Disorders of gender identityTranssexualismtransvestitism while retaining both sex roles
Disorders of sexual preferencefetishism, fetishistic transvestitism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, paedophilia, sadomasochism,multiple disorders of sexual preference, other disorders of sexual preference(frotteurism, necrophilia)
Mental and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientationSexual Maturation Crisis, Ichdystone Sexual Orientation,Sexual Relationship Disorder
Other personality and behavioural disordersDevelopment of physical symptoms for psychological reasons(retirement neurosis), artificial disorder
Intelligence Reduction
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Light intelligence reduction
Medium-grade intelligence reduction
Heavy intelligence reduction
Heaviest intelligence reduction
Other intelligence reduction
Unspecified intelligence reduction
Developmental Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Described developmental disorders of speech and languageArticulation disorder (dyslaly), expressive speech disorder, prescription speech disorder, acquired aphasia with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome)
Described developmental disorders of school skillsReading and spelling disorder (dyslexia), Isolated spelling disorder, Numeracy disorder (dyscalculia), Combined disorders of school skills
Described developmental disturbance of motor functionsDyspraxia
Combined defined developmental disorders
Deep developmental disordersEarly Childhood Autism, Atypical Autism, Rett Syndrome,Other Desintegrative Childhood Disorder(Heller’s Dementia),Overactive Disorder with Intelligence Reduction and Movement Stereotypes, Asperger’s Syndrome
Other developmental disordersDevelopmental Agnosia (Agnosia)
Behavioural and emotional disorders with the beginning of childhood and adolescence
DescriptionDiseases and further articles
Hyperkinetic disordersSimple activity and attention disorder, hyperkinetic disturbance of social behavior
Disorders of social behaviourDisturbance of social behaviour limited to the family context, disturbance of social behaviour in the absence of social ties, disturbance of social behaviour in existing social ties, disturbance of social behaviour with oppositional, rebellious behaviour
Combined disturbance of social behaviour and emotionsDisorder of social behaviour with depressive disorder
Emotional disorders of childhoodEmotional disorder with fear of separation of childhood (fear ofseparation),phobic disorder of childhood(phobic disorder),disorder with social anxiety of childhood(social phobia),emotional disorder with sibling rivalry (sibling rivalry),
Disorders of social functions with the beginning of childhood and adolescenceElective mutism, reactive bonding disorder of childhood(binding disorder), binding disorder of childhood with inhibition
Tic disordersTemporary Tic Disorder, Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tics(Tourette Syndrome))
Other behavioural and emotional disorders with the beginning of childhood and adolescenceNon-organic enuresis, non-organic copresisfeeding disorder in early childhood, pica in childhood (Pica syndrome), stereotypemovement disorders (stereotyping (medicine)), stuttering [stems], buzzing,Other more specific behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence (nose drillingonychophagiathumb sucking)

List of rare diseases

List of rare diseases:
A

 

  Acrocephalosyndactylia  Acrodermatitis
  Addison Disease  Adie Syndrome
  Alagille Syndrome  Amylose
  Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis  Angelman Syndrome
  Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia  Arnold-Chiari Malformation
  Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid  Asperger Syndrome
B
  Bardet-Biedl Syndrome  Barrett Esophagus
  Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome  Behcet Syndrome
  Bloom Syndrome  Bowen’s Disease
  Brachial Plexus Neuropathies  Brown-Sequard Syndrome
  Budd-Chiari Syndrome  Burkitt Lymphoma
C
  Carcinoma 256, Walker  Caroli Disease
  Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease  Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
  Chiari-Frommel Syndrome  Chondrodysplasia Punctata
  Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction  Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
  Craniofacial Dysostosis  Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
  Crohn Disease  Cushing Syndrome
  Cystic Fibrosis
D
  Dandy-Walker Syndrome  De Lange Syndrome
  Dementia, Vascular  Dermatitis Herpetiformis
  DiGeorge Syndrome  Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder
  Duane Retraction Syndrome  Dupuytren Contracture
E
  Ebstein Anomaly  Eisenmenger Complex
  Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome  Encephalitis
  Enchondromatosis  Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic
F
  Facial Hemiatrophy  Factor XII Deficiency
  Fanconi Anemia  Felty’s Syndrome
  Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic  Fox-Fordyce Disease
  Friedreich Ataxia  Fusobacterium
G
  Gardner Syndrome  Gaucher Disease
  Gerstmann Syndrome  Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia
  Glycogen Storage Disease Type I  Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
  Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV  Glycogen Storage Disease Type V
  Glycogen Storage Disease Type VII  Goldenhar Syndrome
  Guillain-Barre Syndrome
H
  Hallermann’s Syndrome  Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple
  Hartnup Disease  Hepatolenticular Degeneration
  Hepatolenticular Degeneration  Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
  Hirschsprung Disease  Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis
  Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell  Hodgkin Disease
  Horner Syndrome  Huntington Disease
  Hyperaldosteronism  Hyperhidrosis
  Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal  Hypopituitarism
I
  Inappropriate ADH Syndrome  Intestinal Polyps
  Isaacs Syndrome
K
  Kartagener Syndrome  Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
  Klippel-Feil Syndrome  Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
  Kluver-Bucy Syndrome  Korsakoff Syndrome
L
  Lafora Disease  Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
  Landau-Kleffner Syndrome  Langer-Giedion Syndrome
  Leigh Disease  Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
  Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell  Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
  Long QT Syndrome
M
  Machado-Joseph Disease  Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
  Marek Disease  Marfan Syndrome
  Meckel Diverticulum  Meige Syndrome
  Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome  Meniere Disease
  Mikulicz’ Disease  Miller Fisher Syndrome
  Mobius Syndrome  Moyamoya Disease
  Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome  Mucopolysaccharidosis I
  Mucopolysaccharidosis II  Mucopolysaccharidosis III
  Mucopolysaccharidosis IV  Mucopolysaccharidosis VI
  Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1  Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
  Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
N
  Narcolepsy  Neuroaxonal Dystrophies
  Neuromyelitis Optica  Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses
  Niemann-Pick Diseases  Noonan Syndrome
O
  Optic Atrophies, Hereditary  Osteitis Deformans
  Osteochondritis  Osteochondrodysplasias
  Osteolysis, Essential
P
  Paget Disease Extramammary  Paget’s Disease, Mammary
  Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative  Papillon-Lefevre Disease
  Paralysis  Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
  Pemphigus, Benign Familial  Penile Induration
  Pericarditis, Constrictive  Peroxisomal Disorders
  Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome  Pick Disease of the Brain
  Pierre Robin Syndrome  Pigmentation Disorders
  Pityriasis Lichenoides  Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune  Prader-Willi Syndrome
  Pupil Disorders
R
  Rett Syndrome  Reye Syndrome
  Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome
S
  Sandhoff Disease  Sarcoma, Ewing’s
  Schnitzler Syndrome  Sjogren’s Syndrome
  Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome  Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
  Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood  Sturge-Weber Syndrome
  Sweating, Gustatory
T
  Takayasu Arteritis  Tangier Disease
  Tay-Sachs Disease  Thromboangiitis Obliterans
  Thyroiditis, Autoimmune  Tietze’s Syndrome
  Togaviridae Infections  Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
  Tourette Syndrome
U
  Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
V, W, Z
  Waardenburg’s Syndrome  Wegener Granulomatosis
  Weil Disease  Werner Syndrome
  Williams Syndrome  Wilms Tumor
  Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome  Wolfram Syndrome
  Wolman Disease
  Zellweger Syndrome  Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
  von Willebrand Diseases

Below is a list of conditions . A condition is the collective name for symptoms, syndromes, clinical signs, diseases, disabilities and injuries.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Sources: PinterPandai, Health On the Net (NGO),

Notice:

Information in CleverlySmart.com is updated on a regular basis. It may happen that new discoveries are made in between updates and do not yet appear in the disease profile. The date of the last update is indicated. Professionals are always encouraged to consult the most recent publications before making any decisions based on the information provided.

Information in CleverlySmart.com is not intended to replace professional health care. CleverlySmart.comcannot be held responsible for harmful, truncated or erroneous use of any information found in the CleverlySmart.com database.

List of Diseases

This list of diseases groups together the main families of diseases. Disease is an alteration in the functions or health of a living organism. We speak as well of disease, referring to all the alterations in health, as of a disease, which then designates a particular entity characterized by causes, symptoms, development and specific therapeutic possibilities. A patient is a person suffering from a disease, whether it is determined or not. When it is the subject of medical care, we speak of a patient. Health and disease are linked to biological processes and to interactions with the social and environmental environment. Generally, disease is defined as an entity opposed to health, the negative effect of which is due to an alteration or disharmonization of a system at any level (molecular, bodily, mental, emotional, etc.) of the state. physiological or morphological considered as normal, balanced or harmonious. We can speak of faulty homeostasis.

This list of diseases groups together the main families of diseases

  • List of dermatological diseases
  • List of cardiovascular diseases
  • List of respiratory diseases
  • Cancer list
  • List of eye diseases and disorders
  • List of genetic or hereditary diseases (identified gene, unidentified gene)
  • List of infectious diseases
  • Mental illness (mood disorders, personality disorders)
  • List of rare diseases

List of dermatological diseases

Signs can include itching, pain, and hyperhidrosis. Physical signs include: vitropression effect, Nikolsky’s sign, Wood’s lamp fluorescence, and Blaschko lines. Dermatological investigations include skin biopsy. Dermatological lesions Atrophies Bubbles Dyschromia Erythema (and exanthema) Keratosis Macules Nodules Papules Purpuras Pustules Dander Sclerosis Tumors Ulcerations Vegetations or condylomas Vesicles Dermatological pathologies Acanthosis nigricans Achromia Acne Alopecia Amyloidosis Angiodermatitis Stellate angioma Staphylococcal anthrax Aphthosis Atrophy Balanitis Behçet (disease of) Bowen’s disease Basal cell Carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Candidiasis Soft chancroid Rosacea Darier’s disease Degos (disease) Chronic actinic dermatitis Dermatitis herpetiformis Atopic dermatitis Dermatophytosis Perioral dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Dermographism Dyshidrosis Eczema Epidermolysis bullosa Erysipelas Erythema ab igne Erythema nodosum Fixed pigmented erythema Erythema multiforme Erythroderma Erythrasma Pressure sore Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter (syndrome) Folliculitis Boil Scabies Gangrene Granuloma annulare Herpes Ichthyosis Impetigo Intertrigo Actinic keratosis Keratosis pilaris Leishmaniasis Meadow Leukokeratosis Lichen planus Scleroatrophic lichen Livedo Lupus erythematosus Lyell syndrome Plantar perforator Occupational disease Mastocytosis Melanoma Miliary Mucinosis Molluscum contagiosum Myases Lipoid necrobiosis Angioedema Panniculitis Papillonite Achromiant parakeratosis Guttate parapsoriasis Body pediculosis Scalp pediculosis Alopecia areata Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus Perionyxis Perleche Photodermatosis Gibert’s rosé pityriasis Tinea versicolor Poikiloderma Porphyrias Prurigo Psoriasis Purpura rosacea Sarcoidosis Scarlet fever Sycosis Mouth-hand-foot syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome Syphilis Ringworm Bullous drug eruption Trombidiosis Tuberculosis Tungose Urticaria Varicella Necrotizing vasculitis Wart Vitiligo Vulvovaginitis Xanthoma Xeroderma pigmentosum Shingles.

List of respiratory diseases

Acute upper respiratory infections
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
acute rhinitis , infectious rhinitis , acute rhinopharyngitis , infectious rhinopharyngitis, rhinitisAcute rhinopharyngitis [colds]
Acute maxillary sinusitis (acute sinusitis ), acute frontal sinusitis acute sinusitis ethmoid , acute sphenoid sinusitis , acute pansinusitisAcute sinusitis
Acute sore throat , streptococcal pharyngitis , acute pharyngitis nnb, acute pharyngitisAcute pharyngitis
Acute tonsillitis , streptococcal tonsillitis , angina follicularisAcute tonsillitis
Acute laryngitis , acute tracheitis , acute laryngotracheitisAcute laryngitis and tracheitis
Acute obstructive laryngitis [ croup ], acute epiglottitisAcute obstructive laryngitis [croup] and epiglottitis
Acute laryngopharyngitis , flu-like infectionAcute infections in multiple or unspecified locations of the upper respiratory tract
Influenza and Pneumonia (Lung infection)
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Bird fluInfluenza due to avian influenza viruses that have been proven
fluInfluenza from other known influenza viruses
Flu, viruses not detected
Viral pneumoniaViral Pneumonia, not elsewhere classified
Streptococcus pneumoniaePneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae pneumonia
Bacterial pneumoniaBacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified
Pneumonia due to other infectious agentsPneumonia due to other infectious agents, not elsewhere classified
 Pneumonia in Diseases Classified ElsewherePneumonia in Diseases Classified Elsewhere
Pneumonia, pathogenPneumonia, pathogen unspecified
Other acute lower respiratory infections
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Acute bronchitis , acute tracheobronchitisAcute bronchitis
Acute bronchiolitisAcute bronchiolitis
Acute lower respiratory infection, unspecified
Other diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Rhinopathia vasomotorica, allergic rhinitis (hay fever, pollen allergy, pollinosis )Vasomotor and allergic rhinopathy
Chronic rhinitis, Ozaena, chronic nasopharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitisChronic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, and pharyngitis
Chronic maxillary sinusitis, chronic maxillary sinusitis, chronic frontal sinusitis, chronic ethmoidal sinusitis, chronic sphenoidal sinusitis, chronic pansinusitisChronic sinusitis
Polyp of the nasal cavity, choanal polyp, nasopharyngeal polyp, polyposis nasalis deformans (Woakes syndrome, ethmoiditis)Nasal polyp
Abscess, boils and carbuncles of the nose; Cyst or mucocele of the nose and sinus; Nasal septal deviation; Turbinate hypertrophy, perforation of the nasal septum, rhinoliteOther diseases of the nose and sinuses
Chronic tonsillitis, hyperplasia of the tonsils, hyperplasia of the pharynx  (adenoid vegetation), almond stone, tonsil ulcerChronic diseases of the tonsils and tonsils
Peritonsillar abscess, peritonsillar phlegmon, tonsillar abscess, retrotonsillar abscessPeritonsillar abscess
Chronic laryngitis, chronic laryngotracheitisChronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis
Glottislähmung, laryngeal paralysis, vocal cord paralysis, polyp, Kehlkopfpolyp, vocal cord nodules (nodular chorditis, fibrinous chorditis, tuberous chorditis, teacher nodules, Singer nodules), Stimmlippengranulom, laryngeal edema, Reinke’s edema, laryngeal spasm, Laryngismus, croup, laryngeal stenosisDiseases of the vocal folds and larynx, not elsewhere classified
Retropharyngeal, Parapharyngealabszess, Nasopharynxabszess, Rachenphlegmone, tornwaldt cystOther diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Bronchitis , tracheobronchitisBronchitis, not designated as acute or chronic
Chronic bronchitisSimple and slimy-purulent chronic bronchitis
Bronchitis , tracheitis , tracheobronchitisUnspecified chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary emphysema , McLeod syndrome ( unilateral emphysema , unilateral light lung ), panlobular emphysema ( panacinous emphysema ), centrilobular emphysemaEmphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseOther chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchial asthma , allergic bronchial asthma , allergic bronchitis , atopic asthma , exogenous allergic bronchial asthma ( extrinsic asthma ), nonallergic bronchial asthma , endogenous nonallergic bronchial asthma ( intrinsic asthma ), analgesic asthma , asthmatic bronchitis , late-onset asthmabronchial asthma
Status asthmaticus ( acute severe bronchial asthma )Status asthmaticus
Bronchiectasis , bronchiolectasisBronchiectasis
Lung diseases caused by exogenous substances
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Coal miners pneumoconiosis , anthracosis , anthracosilicosis , coal dust lungCoal Miners Pneumoconiosis
AsbestosisPneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other inorganic fibers
silicosisPneumoconiosis due to fumed silica
Aluminosis , bauxite fibrosis , berylliosis , graphite fibrosis , siderosis , stannosisPneumoconiosis due to other inorganic dusts
Unspecified pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosisPneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis
Byssinosis , flat-worker’s disease , CannabioseRespiratory disease caused by specific organic dust
Allergic alveolitis , farmer’s lung ( Drescher-lung , harvester-lung , Moldy hay disease ), Bagassose ( bagasse disease , bagasse pneumonitis ), bird breeders lung ( pigeon fancier’s disease , pigeon fancier lung , budgerigar breeder’s disease , budgie breeders lung ), Suberosis ( Cork worker disease , cork worker lung , cork peeler disease , cork peeler lung ),Malt worker lung , mushroom worker lung , maple bark peeler lung , humidifier lung (air conditioning lung), fish meal worker lung , cheese washer lung , coffee worker lung , furrier lung , sequoiosis , exogenous allergic alveolitis ( hypersensitive pneumonitis )Allergic alveolitis due to organic dust
Respiratory diseases caused by inhalation of chemical substances, gases, smoke and vapors
Aspiration pneumonia , lipid pneumoniaPneumonia due to solid and liquid substances
Radiation pneumonitis , pulmonary fibrosis after exposure to radiationRespiratory diseases caused by other exogenous substances
Other diseases of the respiratory organs, mainly affecting the interstitium
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Adult respiratory distress syndrome ( Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome , ARDS, Hyaline Membrane Disease )Respiratory distress syndrome in adults [ARDS]
Acute pulmonary edema , pulmonary congestionPulmonary edema
Eosinophilic lung infiltrate ( Löffler syndrome (I), tropical eosinophilia , pulmonary eosinophilia )Eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate, not elsewhere classified
Alveolar proteinosis , microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum , acute interstitial pneumonia ( diffuse pulmonary fibrosis , fibrosing alveolitis , Hamman-Rich syndrome , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ), interstitial pneumoniaOther interstitial lung diseases
Purulent and Necrotizing Lower Respiratory Diseases
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Pulmonary gangrene , pulmonary necrosis , lung abscess , mediastinal abscessAbscess of the lungs and mediastinum
Pyothorax , pleural abscess , thoracic abscess , empyema , pyopneumothoraxPyothorax
Other diseases of the pleura
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Pleural effusionPleural effusion, not elsewhere classified
Pleural effusion in diseases classified elsewhere
Pleural plaques ( pleural thickening )Pleural plaques
Pneumothorax , spontaneous pneumothorax , tension pneumothoraxPneumothorax
Chylothorax , fibrothorax , hemothorax , hemopneumothorax , hydrothoraxOther conditions of the pleura
Other diseases of the respiratory system
Names of diseases (synonyms)description
Mendelson’s syndromeRespiratory diseases following medical intervention, not elsewhere classified
Respiratory failureRespiratory failure, not elsewhere classified
Broncholithiasis , stenosis of the bronchus , Tracheobronchial dyskinesia , tracheobronchial collapse syndrome , ulcer of the bronchus , lung collapse , atelectasis , interstitial emphysema , mediastinal , Pneumolithiasis , Cystic lung disease (acquired), mediastinal , mediastinitis , displacement of the mediastinum , Relaxatio diaphragmatica , diaphragmatic paralysis , diaphragm inflammationOther respiratory diseases

Cancer list

List of eye diseases and disorders

Disorders of eyelid, tear apparatus and orbit Conjunctival disorders Disorders of sclera , cornea , iris and ciliary body Disorders of lens Choroid and retinal disorders Glaucoma Disorders of vitreous body and eyeball Disorders of optic nerve and optic pathways Disorders of eye muscles and disorders in binocular eye movement, accommodation and refraction Visual disturbances and blindness Other disorders of the eye and adnexes

List of genetic diseases (identified gene, unidentified gene)

Inherited diseases follow different inheritance patterns and are associated with different inheritance, recurrence and disease probabilities. A distinction is made between autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance from gonosomal and mitochondrial inheritance.

Autosomal recessive modes of inheritance

The peculiarity only appears if there is a change ( mutation ) in both copies of a certain gene on both chromosomes , i.e. That is, if the person in question has inherited one change from his biological father and one from his biological mother. The parents do not have to be affected, so the phenotype does not occur in every generation. The mutation does not have to be identical. If two mutations that can be distinguished by molecular genetics lead to the same loss of function in a gene, one speaks of compound heterozygosity . Examples of autosomal recessive inheritance are cystic fibrosis and albinismand phenylketonuria (PKU) (a defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase). Autosomal recessive inherited diseases are mostly loss-of-function mutations . The causes of apparent deviations in autosomal recessive inheritance are pseudo-dominance , heterogeneity , isodisomy and the fact that heterozygotes with sick children are not included in the calculation. Typical examples are:

Autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance

Here an altered allele (alleles are the mutually and at the same time oppositely corresponding genes of a diploid chromosome set) on one of the two homologous chromosomes leads to the characteristic expression. The genetic information is available on one of the 44 autosomes and is inherited regardless of gender . So women and men are equally affected. The phenotype occurs in every generation. Examples are:

Gonosomal modes of inheritance

Hereditary gonosomal diseases, i.e. those in which the change affects the sex chromosomes X or Y, are in most cases on the X chromosome, since the Y chromosome contains fewer genes. The X chromosome has 155 megabases, the Y chromosome 59 megabases. Using the example of X-linked inheritance , the following peculiarities become clear:

X-linked recessive

Girls / women are only affected if both X chromosomes are damaged, otherwise they are only carriers (conductors), d. In other words, they can pass on the changed X chromosome to their children, but do not develop a corresponding phenotype themselves. Girls / women can often compensate for the change on one X chromosome with their second X chromosome if it is not changed. Boys / men are affected if they inherit one of the changed X chromosomes from the phenotypically healthy mother, or one of the two changed X chromosomes from a phenotypically diseased mother, since boys / men definitely have one X chromosome from the Get a mother and have only this one. Boys / men are phenotypically affected more often, since girls / women compensate for the defect with the other X chromosome. Examples are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency),Hemophilia A and B (hemophilia), Lesch-Nyhan syndromeFabry disease , mucopolysaccharidosis type II, muscular dystrophy (Duchenne type, Becker-Kiener type), Norrie syndromeretinitis pigmentosared-green blindnessseptic granulomatosisX- SCID (severe combined immune deficiency) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency (urea cycle defect)

X-linked dominant

Boys / men are 50% affected if their mother is a carrier of a disease-causing allele on an X chromosome . If, on the other hand, both of their X chromosomes contain the disease-causing allele, all children are affected. Overall, girls / women are more frequently affected, as the probability of receiving an altered X chromosome is higher with two X chromosomes (one from the father, one from the mother) than with boys / men (one from the mother). Examples are familial phosphatemic rickets (also called idiopathic Debré-de-Toni-Fanconi syndrome or vitamin D-resistant rickets ), Rett syndrome and orofacio-digital syndrome type 1 .

Mitochondrial or extrachromosomal inheritance

About 0.1 percent of the DNA in a human cell is not in the nucleus, but in the mitochondria . Since egg cells, unlike sperm, have several hundred thousand mitochondria, mutations in the mitochondrial DNA are only inherited on the maternal side. The same applies to the chloroplasts of photosynthetically active organisms. See also extrachromosomal inheritance

Diagnosis and treatment

If a hereditary disease is suspected, a human genetic test can provide clarity. The chromosomes are checked for numerical and structural changes. If there is an urgent suspicion of a certain genetic defect, a more extensive, complex investigation of individual gene constellations is also possible. The results can then be helpful in assessing the risk of inheritance. If the genetic make-up is peculiar to itself, it is usually not possible to act on the causes with today’s medical options. Therefore advice is usually given regarding lifestyle, education about risk factors and symptomatic measures. These are then individual decisions, especially since it is not always an illness, but often a disposition . For a few diseases, such as B. spinal muscular atrophy, there are first attempts at therapy.

History

The term genetic disease , which has only been used since the 20th century to mean genetic disease , was also often misused in the first half of the 20th century , including for alleged “diseases” such as “criminal tendencies” or “antisociality”. This thinking influenced sterilization programs and the euthanasia idea and found its extreme expression in German National Socialism, but was also present in many other countries such as the USA, England and France at the time. Today, only those diseases are called hereditary diseases that can be defined as clearly as possible and are very likely to be due to genetic defects.

Benign hereditary diseases

illnessInheritanceChromosome / genedescription
AlbinismAutosomal recessiveChromosome 11 , locus q14-21, chromosome 15 , locus q11-13, chromosome 9 , locus p23, chromosome 5 , locus p13.3Lack of synthesis of melanin leads to light or white hair, eyes and skin color
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyAutosomal recessiveChromosome 14 , locus q32.1An increased risk of liver cirrhosis or pulmonary emphysema due to a congenital lower concentration of this enzyme
Chorea huntingtonAutosomal dominantChromosome 4 , locus p16.3Fatal motor and psychological disorder due to the increased incorporation of glutamine in the protein huntingtin
GalactosemiaAutosomal recessiveChromosome 9If left untreated, intracellular storage of galactose is often fatal due to the lack of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
Hemophilia A.X-linkedX chromosomeIncreased bleeding tendency due to a lack of coagulation factor VIII
Hemophilia B.X-linkedX chromosomeIncreased bleeding tendency due to a lack of coagulation factor IX
cretinismAutosomal recessive or dominantMultiple genes, e.g. B. Chromosome 2 , locus q14.1 and chromosome 14 , locus q31.1Short stature, deformity of the limbs, speech disorders and intellectual disorders caused by a congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone ( thyroxine )
Cleft lip and palatePolygenetic(multiple genes)Congenital splitting of the lips, upper jaw, roof of the mouth, or a combination of these
Metachromatic LeukodystrophyPolygenetically autosomal recessive(multiple genes)Unsteady gait, speech disorders due to lack of aryl sulfate
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1Polygenetically autosomal(multiple genes)Different symptoms, which only appear in childhood, due to the storage of glycosaminoglycans in cells.
Cystic fibrosisAutosomal recessiveChromosome 7 , locus q31.2Dysfunction of the lungs and pancreas due to the formation of thick mucus, leading in the end stage to lung failure or pancreatic insufficiency
NeurofibromatosisAutosomal dominant (spontaneous mutation in 50% of cases)Chromosome 17 , locus q11.2Development of benign tumors on the skin, in the eyes and bones, and in the central nervous system
PhenylketonuriaAutosomal recessiveChromosome 12 , locus q22 to q24Impaired brain development and skull growth due to a lack of the enzyme phenyl alanine hydroxylase
Sickle cell anemiaAutosomal codominantChromosome 11Deformities of the red blood cells lead to painful crises; symptomatic only in the homozygous form
Spinal muscular atrophyAutosomal recessiveChromosome 5 , locus q13Muscle wasting due to the loss of motor nerve cells in the spinal cord
Tay-Sachs syndromeAutosomal recessiveChromosome 15 , locus q23-24Severe mental retardation with blindness from birth; the fewest children affected are older than three years
Cystic kidneysAutosomal recessiveChromosome 16Development of multiple cysts in the kidneys from adulthood, leading to renal failure in the end-stage

List of infectious diseases

DiseaseCausative Agent (Bacteria, Virus, or other organism/agent)
Acinetobacter infectionsAcinetobacter baumannii
ActinomycosisActinomyces israeliiActinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus
African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)Trypanosoma brucei
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
AmebiasisEntamoeba histolytica
AnaplasmosisAnaplasma genus
AnthraxBacillus anthracis
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infectionArcanobacterium haemolyticum
Argentine hemorrhagic feverJunin virus
AscariasisAscaris lumbricoides
AspergillosisAspergillus genus
Astrovirus infectionAstroviridae family
BabesiosisBabesia genus
Bacillus cereus infectionBacillus cereus
Bacterial pneumoniamultiple bacteria
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)multiple bacteria
Bacteroides infectionBacteroides genus
BalantidiasisBalantidium coli
Baylisascaris infectionBaylisascaris genus
BK virus infectionBK virus
Black piedraPiedraia hortae
Blastocystis hominis infectionBlastocystis hominis
BlastomycosisBlastomyces dermatitidis
Bolivian hemorrhagic feverMachupo virus
Borrelia infectionBorrelia genus
Botulism (and Infant botulism)Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin.
Brazilian hemorrhagic feverSabia
BrucellosisBrucella genus
Burkholderia infectionusually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species
Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus)Caliciviridae family
CampylobacteriosisCampylobacter genus
Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush)Candida albicans and other Candida species
Cat-scratch diseaseBartonella henselae
Cellulitisusually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis)Trypanosoma cruzi
ChancroidHaemophilus ducreyi
ChickenpoxVaricella zoster virus (VZV)
ChlamydiaChlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infectionChlamydophila pneumoniae
CholeraVibrio cholerae
Chromoblastomycosisusually Fonsecaea pedrosoi
ClonorchiasisClonorchis sinensis
Clostridium difficile infectionClostridium difficile
CoccidioidomycosisCoccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii
Colorado tick fever (CTF)Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)CJD prion
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
CryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformans
CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidium genus
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites
CyclosporiasisCyclospora cayetanensis
CysticercosisTaenia solium
Cytomegalovirus infectionCytomegalovirus
Dengue feverDengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses
DientamoebiasisDientamoeba fragilis
DiphtheriaCorynebacterium diphtheriae
DiphyllobothriasisDiphyllobothrium
DracunculiasisDracunculus medinensis
Ebola hemorrhagic feverEbolavirus (EBOV)
EchinococcosisEchinococcus genus
EhrlichiosisEhrlichia genus
Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection)Enterobius vermicularis
Enterococcus infectionEnterococcus genus
Enterovirus infectionEnterovirus genus
Epidemic typhusRickettsia prowazekii
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)Parvovirus B19
Exanthem subitumHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)
FasciolopsiasisFasciolopsis buski
FasciolosisFasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)FFI prion
FilariasisFilarioidea superfamily
Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringensClostridium pderfringens
Free-living amebic infectionmultiple
Fusobacterium infectionFusobacterium genus
Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species
GeotrichosisGeotrichum candidum
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)GSS prion
GiardiasisGiardia intestinalis
GlandersBurkholderia mallei
GnathostomiasisGnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum
GonorrheaNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)Klebsiella granulomatis
Group A streptococcal infectionStreptococcus pyogenes
Group B streptococcal infectionStreptococcus agalactiae
Haemophilus influenzae infectionHaemophilus influenzae
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus 71 (EV71)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)Sin Nombre virus
Helicobacter pylori infectionHelicobacter pylori
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)Escherichia coli O157:H7
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)Bunyaviridae family
Hepatitis AHepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis BHepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis CHepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis DHepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis EHepatitis E Virus
Herpes simplexHerpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
HistoplasmosisHistoplasma capsulatum
Hookworm infectionAncylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Human bocavirus infectionHuman bocavirus (HBoV)
Human ewingii ehrlichiosisEhrlichia ewingii
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Human metapneumovirus infectionHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Human monocytic ehrlichiosisEhrlichia chaffeensis
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infectionHuman papillomavirus (HPV)
Human parainfluenza virus infectionHuman parainfluenza viruses (HPIV)
HymenolepiasisHymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta
Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Influenza (flu)Orthomyxoviridae family
IsosporiasisIsospora belli
Kawasaki diseaseunknown; evidence supports that it is infectious
Keratitismultiple
Kingella kingae infectionKingella kingae
KuruKuru prion
Lassa feverLassa virus
Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ disease)Legionella pneumophila
Legionellosis (Pontiac fever)Legionella pneumophila
LeishmaniasisLeishmania genus
LeprosyMycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis
LeptospirosisLeptospira genus
ListeriosisListeria monocytogenes
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)usually Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species
Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
Lymphocytic choriomeningitisLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
MalariaPlasmodium genus
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF)Marburg virus
MeaslesMeasles virus
Melioidosis (Whitmore’s disease)Burkholderia pseudomallei
Meningitismultiple
Meningococcal diseaseNeisseria meningitidis
Metagonimiasisusually Metagonimus yokagawai
MicrosporidiosisMicrosporidia phylum
Molluscum contagiosum (MC)Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)
MumpsMumps virus
Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)Rickettsia typhi
Mycoplasma pneumoniaMycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycetomanumerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma)
Myiasisparasitic dipterous fly larvae
Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum)most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(New) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD)vCJD prion
Nocardiosisusually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species
COVID-19Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Onchocerciasis (River blindness)Onchocerca volvulus
Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis)Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Paragonimiasisusually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species
PasteurellosisPasteurella genus
Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)Pediculus humanus capitis
Pediculosis corporis (Body lice)Onchocerca volvulus
Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice, Crab lice)Phthirus pubis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)multiple
Pertussis (Whooping cough)Bordetella pertussis
PlagueYersinia pestis
Pneumococcal infectionStreptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumoniamultiple
PoliomyelitisPoliovirus
Prevotella infectionPrevotella genus
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)usually Naegleria fowleri
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyJC virus
PsittacosisChlamydophila psittaci
Q feverCoxiella burnetii
RabiesRabies virus
Rat-bite feverStreptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus
Respiratory syncytial virus infectionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
RhinosporidiosisRhinosporidium seeberi
Rhinovirus infectionRhinovirus
Rickettsial infectionRickettsia genus
RickettsialpoxRickettsia akari
Rift Valley fever (RVF)Rift Valley fever virus
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)Rickettsia rickettsii
Rotavirus infectionRotavirus
RubellaRubella virus
SalmonellosisSalmonella genus
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)SARS coronavirus
ScabiesSarcoptes scabiei
SchistosomiasisSchistosoma genus
Sepsismultiple
Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery)Shigella genus
Shingles (Herpes zoster)Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Smallpox (Variola)Variola major or Variola minor
SporotrichosisSporothrix schenckii
Staphylococcal food poisoningStaphylococcus genus
Staphylococcal infectionStaphylococcus genus
StrongyloidiasisStrongyloides stercoralis
SyphilisTreponema pallidum
TaeniasisTaenia genus
Tetanus (Lockjaw)Clostridium tetani
Tinea barbae (Barber’s itch)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp)usually Trichophyton tonsurans
Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea cruris (Jock itch)usually Epidermophyton floccosumTrichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Tinea manuum (Ringworm of the Hand)Trichophyton rubrum
Tinea nigrausually Hortaea werneckii
Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis)usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)Malassezia genus
Toxocariasis (Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM))Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM))Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
ToxoplasmosisToxoplasma gondii
TrichinellosisTrichinella spiralis
TrichomoniasisTrichomonas vaginalis
Trichuriasis (Whipworm infection)Trichuris trichiura
Tuberculosisusually Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TularemiaFrancisella tularensis
Ureaplasma urealyticum infectionUreaplasma urealyticum
Venezuelan equine encephalitisVenezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Venezuelan hemorrhagic feverGuanarito virus
Viral pneumoniamultiple viruses
West Nile FeverWest Nile virus
White piedra (Tinea blanca)Trichosporon beigelii
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infectionYersinia pseudotuberculosis
YersiniosisYersinia enterocolitica
Yellow feverYellow fever virus
ZygomycosisMucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis)

Mental illness, mood disorders, personality disorders

Organic mental disorders, including symptomatic disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (G30)Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementiaMultiinfarct dementia, subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, infarction
Dementia in other classified diseasesPick disease (G31.0), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (A81.0), Chorea Huntington (G10), Parkinson’s disease (G20), AIDS (B22)
Unspecified dementia
Organic amnestic syndrome, not caused by alcohol or other psychotropic substancesAmnesia, Korsakov Syndrome
Delir, not caused by alcohol or other psychotropic substancesdelirium
Other mental disorders due to brain damage or dysfunction or physical illnessOrganic Psychosyndrome, Hallucination
Personality and behavioural disorder due to illness, damage or dysfunction of the brainFrontal brain syndrome, personality disorders
Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorderpsychosis
Mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychotropic substances
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by alcoholAlcohol-related illness, Korsakov syndrome
Mental and behavioral disorders caused by opioidsopioid
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by cannabinoidsCannabinoids
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by sedatives or hypnoticsHarmful use of benzodiazepines, sedative, hypnotic, sleep aids
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by cocainecocaine
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by other stimulants, including caffeineStimulant, Caffeine
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by hallucinogensHallucinogen, Horror trip
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by tobaccotobacco
Mental and behavioural disorders caused by volatile solvents
Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple substance use and use of other psychotropic substances
descriptionNames of Complications (Additional to Encrypt * Code)
Acute Intoxication [Acute Intoxication]intoxication
Harmful use
Dependency syndromeDependency syndrome
Withdrawal syndrome
Withdrawal syndrome with Delirdelirium
Psychotic disorderSubstance-induced psychosis
Amnestic syndromeKorsakov syndrome
Schizophrenia, schizotype and delusional disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia, catatonia, hebephrene schizophrenia
Schizotype DisorderSchizotypic personality disorder
Persistent delusional disturbancesdelusion
Acute transient psychotic disorderspsychosis
Induced delusional disorderInduced delusional disorder
Schizoaffective disordersSchizoaffective disorder
Affective Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Manic episodeHypomania, Mania
Bipolar affective disorderbipolar disorder
Depressive Episodedepression
Recurrent depressive disorderdepression
Persistent mood disordersZyklothymia, Dysthymia
Neurotic, Stress and Somatoform Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Phobic disordersAgoraphobia, Social Phobia, Acrophobia, Specific Phobia, Phobic Disorder, List of Phobic Disorders
Other anxiety disordersPanic disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety and depressive disorder (mixed), other anxiety disorders
OCDObsessive compulsive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, obsession
Reactions to severe loads and adaptation disordersPost-traumatic stress disorder, Acute stress response, Adaptation disorder, Hospitalism
Dissociative Disorders [Conversion Disorders]Fugue, Poriomania,Dromomania, Conversion Hysteria, Amnesia, Ganser Syndrome, Multiple Personality Disorder, Pseudodebility, Obsession, Conversion (Psychology)
Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorder, somatoform pain disorder, briquet syndrome,psychogens: dysphagia, itching, bruxism, hyperventilation
Other neurotic disordersNeurasthenia, Depersonalization, Derealization, Writing Spasms, Dhat Syndrome, Psychasthenia, Psychogenic Syncope (Medicine)
Behavioural abnormalities with physical disorders and factors
descriptionDiseases and further articles
eating disordersAnorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge eating, pica syndrome,
Non-organic sleep disordersParasomniaPrimary Insomnia, Somnambulism, Pavor nocturnus
Sexual dysfunction not caused by an organic disorder or diseaseSexual Appetenz Disorder, Hypersexuality, Nymphomania, Satyriasis, Psychogens /-er: Vaginismus, Anorgasmia and Hyporgasmia, Impotence, Dyspareunia
Mental or behavioural disorders in the weekbed, not classified elsewherePostpartum mood crises
Psychological or behavioural factors in other classified diseasesz.B. in asthma, ulcerative colitis, dermatitis, stomach ulcers, mucomembranous colitis , urticaria (hives)
Harmful use of non-dependency-causing substancesdrug or drug abuse, abusus, addiction or dependence; Withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal symptoms
Unspecified behavioural abnormalities in physical disorders and factors
Personality and Behavioural Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Specific personality disordersparanoids, Schizoide, Borderline, Dissocial, Emotionally unstable, Histrionic, Anankatic (compulsive), Anxious (avoiding), Dependent (asthenic) and Other specific personality disorder (eccentric, baseless, narcissistic, passive-aggressive,psychoneurotic, immature)
Combined and other personality disorders
Persistent personality changes, not consequence of brain damage or diseaseComplex post-traumatic stress disorder
Abnormal habits and disturbances of impulse controlPathological play, pyromania, kleptomania, trichotillomania
Disorders of gender identityTranssexualism, transvestitism while retaining both sex roles
Disorders of sexual preferencefetishism, fetishistic transvestitism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, paedophilia, sadomasochism,multiple disorders of sexual preference, other disorders of sexual preference(frotteurism, necrophilia)
Mental and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientationSexual Maturation Crisis, Ichdystone Sexual Orientation,Sexual Relationship Disorder
Other personality and behavioural disordersDevelopment of physical symptoms for psychological reasons(retirement neurosis), artificial disorder
Intelligence Reduction
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Light intelligence reduction
Medium-grade intelligence reduction
Heavy intelligence reduction
Heaviest intelligence reduction
Other intelligence reduction
Unspecified intelligence reduction
Developmental Disorders
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Described developmental disorders of speech and languageArticulation disorder (dyslaly), expressive speech disorder, prescription speech disorder, acquired aphasia with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome)
Described developmental disorders of school skillsReading and spelling disorder (dyslexia), Isolated spelling disorder, Numeracy disorder (dyscalculia), Combined disorders of school skills
Described developmental disturbance of motor functionsDyspraxia
Combined defined developmental disorders
Deep developmental disordersEarly Childhood Autism, Atypical Autism, Rett Syndrome,Other Desintegrative Childhood Disorder(Heller’s Dementia),Overactive Disorder with Intelligence Reduction and Movement Stereotypes, Asperger’s Syndrome
Other developmental disordersDevelopmental Agnosia (Agnosia)
Behavioural and emotional disorders with the beginning of childhood and adolescence
descriptionDiseases and further articles
Hyperkinetic disordersSimple activity and attention disorder, hyperkinetic disturbance of social behavior
Disorders of social behaviourDisturbance of social behaviour limited to the family context, disturbance of social behaviour in the absence of social ties, disturbance of social behaviour in existing social ties, disturbance of social behaviour with oppositional, rebellious behaviour
Combined disturbance of social behaviour and emotionsDisorder of social behaviour with depressive disorder
Emotional disorders of childhoodEmotional disorder with fear of separation of childhood (fear ofseparation),phobic disorder of childhood(phobic disorder),disorder with social anxiety of childhood(social phobia),emotional disorder with sibling rivalry (sibling rivalry),
Disorders of social functions with the beginning of childhood and adolescenceElective mutism, reactive bonding disorder of childhood(binding disorder), binding disorder of childhood with inhibition
Tic disordersTemporary Tic Disorder, Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tics(Tourette Syndrome))
Other behavioural and emotional disorders with the beginning of childhood and adolescenceNon-organic enuresis, non-organic copresis, feeding disorder in early childhood, pica in childhood (Pica syndrome), stereotypemovement disorders (stereotyping (medicine)), stuttering [stems], buzzing,Other more specific behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence (nose drilling, onychophagia, thumb sucking)

List of rare diseases

Below is a list of conditions . A condition is the collective name for symptoms, syndromes, clinical signs, diseases, disabilities and injuries.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Sources: PinterPandai, Health On the Net (NGO), Notice: Information in CleverlySmart.com is updated on a regular basis. It may happen that new discoveries are made in between updates and do not yet appear in the disease profile. The date of the last update is indicated. Professionals are always encouraged to consult the most recent publications before making any decisions based on the information provided available in your own country. Information in CleverlySmart.com is not intended to replace professional health care. CleverlySmart.com cannot be held responsible for harmful, truncated or erroneous use of any information found in the CleverlySmart.com database.

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