Indigenous peoples by continent

Although there is no globally accepted definition of the concept of indigenous peoples, proposed by José Martinez Cobo, special rapporteur (protractor) of the Working Group on Indigenous Peoples of the United Nations Subcommittee on Human Rights, in 1987, is now commonly used. It is based on three basic criteria:

• Historical continuity of characteristics such as:
  • ancestral occupation or at least part of the current land.
  • common ancestor with the first inhabitants of this land.
  • culture in general or some of its manifestations.
  • language.
  • establish in a certain part of the country or in a certain region of the world;
  • other relevant factors.
• Identify yourself as a real person.
• For an individual, membership of an indigenous group, is claimed by the individual and the group to which he belongs.

In the words of José Martínez Cobo;

“By indigenous communities, peoples and peoples, we must understand those who, in terms of historical continuity with pre-invasion societies and with pre-colonial societies that developed in their territories, considered themselves to be different from other segments of society. who now dominate their territory or part of it. They are now a non-dominant segment of society and they are determined to preserve, develop and pass on to future generations their ancestral territory and their ethnic identity, which forms the basis for their continued existence as a people, according to their own culture. models, their social institutions and their legal system.

This is a partial list of the world’s indigenous or aboriginal or native people, grouped by region and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (for example Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (i.e. the boundaries of each region are not clear, or some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).

1. Africa

Central Africa

• Pygmies
• Twa (Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda)

East Africa

Acholis: Uganda
Afars: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
Agews: Ethiopia
Akishos: Ethiopia, Somalia
Alurs: Uganda
Ambos: Zambia
Amharas: Ethiopia
Ankoles: Uganda
Anuaks: Ethiopia
Antalotes: Comoros
Aushis: Zambia
Aweers: Kenya, Somalia
Ayoups: Ethiopia
Bagandas: Uganda
Bahimas / Ankoles: Uganda, Rwanda
Bagisus: Uganda
Bagweres: Uganda
Bakigas: Uganda
Bakonjos: Uganda
Basogas: Uganda
Batoros: Uganda
Bejas: Eritrea
Bembas: Zambia
Bertats: Ethiopia
Betsileos: Madagascar
Reviews: Eritrea
Bisas: Zambia
Boranas: Ethiopia
Bunyoros: Uganda
Caffres: Comoros
Chaggas: Tanzania
Chewas: Malawi
Chikundas: Zambia
Chokwes: Mozambique, Zambia
Chopis: Mozambique
Cishingas: Zambia
Dassanetchs: Ethiopia
Dorzés: Ethiopia
Govas: Zambia
Gumuz: Ethiopia
Gouragués: Ethiopia
Hadzabes: Tanzania
Hamers: Ethiopia
Hayas: Tanzania
Hedarebs: Eritrea
Hehes: Tanzania
Hutus: Burundi, Rwanda
Ilas: Zambia
Inamwangas: Zambia
Itesos: Uganda
Iwas: Zambia
Jebertis: Ethiopia
Jopadholas: Uganda
Kabendes: Zambia
Kalendjins: Kenya
Kambas: Kenya
Kaonde: Zambia
Karamojongs: Uganda
Kichepos: Ethiopia
Kikuyus: Kenya
Kisiis: Kenya
Kaws: Zambia
Kunamas: Eritrea
Kundas: Zambia
Kwandis: Zambia
Kwandus: Zambia
Kwangwas: Zambia
Lalas: Zambia
Lambas: Zambia
Langos: Uganda
Lenjes: Zambia
Leyas: Zambia
Limas: Zambia
Liyuwas: Zambia
Lomwes: Malawi
Lozis: Zambia
Luanos: Zambia
Luchazis: Zambia
Lugbaras: Uganda
Luhyas: Kenya
Lumbus: Zambia
Lundas: Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola
Lundwes: Zambia
Lungus: Zambia
Luos: Kenya, Tanzania
Luvales: Zambia
Maasai: Kenya, Tanzania
Makoas: Comoros
Makomas: Zambia
Makondes: Mozambique
Makuas: Mozambique
Mambwes: Zambia
Manyikas: Mozambique
Mashashas: Zambia
Mashis: Zambia
Mbowes: Zambia
Mbukushus: Zambia
Mbumis: Zambia
Mbundas: Zambia
Mbwelas: Zambia
Me’ens: Ethiopia
Merinas: Madagascar
Merus: Kenya
Mukulus: Zambia
Mulongas: Zambia
Munyoyayas: Kenya
Mursis: Ethiopia
Naras: Eritrea
Ndaus: Mozambique
Ndembus: Zambia
Ng’umbos: Zambia
Ngondes: Malawi
Ngonis: Malawi
Ngunis: Mozambique
Nkoyas: Zambia
Nsengas: Zambia
Nubas: Sudan
Nubians: Egypt, Sudan
Nuers: Ethiopia
Nyakyusas: Tanzania
Nyamwezis: Tanzania
Nyangatoms: Ethiopia
Nyanjas: Malawi, Zambia
Nyengos: Zambia
Nyihas: Zambia
Ogieks: Kenya
Oimatsahas: Comoros
Oromos: Ethiopia
Kimants: Ethiopia
Rashaidas: Eritrea
Rer Bares: Ethiopia
Rundis: Uganda
Rwandan: Uganda
Sahos: Eritrea
Sakalaves: Comoros
Sebas: Zambia
Sénas: Malawi, Mozambique
Sengas: Zambia
Sengwers: Kenya
Shanganas: Mozambique
Shanjos: Zambia
Shanqellas: Ethiopia
Shilas: Zambia
Shonas: Mozambique
Sidamas: Ethiopia
Simaas: Zambia
Somalis: Somalia
Subiyas: Zambia
Sukumas: Tanzania
Suris: Ethiopia
Swakas: Zambia
Swahilis: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique
Tabwas: Zambia
Tambos: Zambia
Tigers: Eritrea
Tigray-Tigrinya: Eritrea
Tokas: Zambia
Totelas: Zambia
Tumbuka (people) Tumbukas: Malawi, Zambia
Tirmas: Ethiopia
Tongas: Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
Tutsis: Burundi, Rwanda
Twas (Pygmies): Burundi, Rwanda, Zambia, Uganda
Ungas: Zambia
Wandyas: Zambia
Wathas: Kenya
Welaytas: Ethiopia
Welega Oromos: Ethiopia
Yaos: Malawi, Mozambique
Yiakus: Kenya
Yombes: Zambia
Zays: Ethiopia
Zulus: South Africa and Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania

North Africa

Berbers

Berber groups are found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Canary Islands6 and can be classified according to several tribes, confederations or group.

• Chleuh or Souassa (Souss Massa region)
• Ait Bou Guemess
• Kabyles (Algerian Center)
• Chaouis (East Algerian)
• Kel Ahagger
• Kel Augh (Asbs)
• Senaga
• Tuareg

North West Africa

• Zenetes
• Chenouis
• Rifains
• Masmoudas
• Ghomaras
• Jbala
• Sanhadja
• Zayanes

also the Copts who are the descendants of the ancient Egyptians in Egypt

Saharan zone

• Bedja (Sudan)
• Tuaregs (Sahara and Sahel)
• Guanches (Canary Islands) (Extinct)

Southern Africa

Without: Kalahari Desert, Botswana / Namibia
Khoïkhois: South Africa
Namaquas: South Africa
ǃXóõ Botswana, Namibia
Glui-Gllna, Kalahari

West Africa

Sénoufo: Ivory Coast
Bakas: Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon, and Central African Republic
Balengues: Equatorial Guinea
Bassa: Cameroon
Bengas: Equatorial Guinea
Beti-Pahuins: Equatorial Guinea
Bubis: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Bujebas: Equatorial Guinea
Combe or Ndowe: Equatorial Guinea
Diolas: Ivory Coast
Dualas: Cameroon
Krou: Ivory Coast
Mands: Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Senegal
Ogonis: Niger
Tuaregs: Sahel
Toubous: Sahara
Wolofs: Senegal

2. North America

The term North American Indians, or North American Indians, designates the first occupants of the continent of North America (excluding Mesoamerica), and their descendants.

Mexico

The main indigenous peoples in Mexico:

Mayas
Tzeltal
Tzotzil
Ch’ol
Tojol-ab’al
Zoques
Chuj
Q’anjob’al
Mam
Jakalteco
Motozintlecos
Cakchiquel
Lacandons

United States

The main indigenous peoples in the region of the present-day United States:

Alaskan Natives
Indigenous Peoples of California
Cherokees (south-east)
Lenapes (northeast)
Screams
Ojibwés (great plains)
Cheyennes (great plains)
Comanches (great plains)
Omahas (great plains)
Sioux (great plains)
Navajo (southwest)
Apaches (southwest)
Pueblos (southwest)
Mohave (California)

Native American Heritage : culture, ritual and ceremony, belief, custom and symbol

Canada

Major Indigenous Peoples of Canada:

Screams
Ojibway
Hurons-Wendats (eastern forests)
Iroquois (eastern forests)
Inuit
Abenaki
Algonquins (eastern forests)
Attikameks
Maliseet
Mi’kmaq
Innu (Montagnais)
Naskapi
Wyandot (Hurons-Wendats)
Mohawks
Kwakwaka’wakw (west coast)
Salish (West Coast Canada and USA)

Indigenous peoples by continent
1. Africa
Central Africa
Pygmies
Twa (Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda)
East Africa
Acholis: Uganda
Afars: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
Agews: Ethiopia
Akishos: Ethiopia, Somalia
Alurs: Uganda
Ambos: Zambia
Amharas: Ethiopia
Ankoles: Uganda
Anuaks: Ethiopia
Antalotes: Comoros
Aushis: Zambia
Aweers: Kenya, Somalia
Ayoups: Ethiopia
Bagandas: Uganda
Bahimas / Ankoles: Uganda, Rwanda
Bagisus: Uganda
Bagweres: Uganda
Bakigas: Uganda
Bakonjos: Uganda
Basogas: Uganda
Batoros: Uganda
Bejas: Eritrea
Bembas: Zambia
Bertats: Ethiopia
Betsileos: Madagascar
Reviews: Eritrea
Bisas: Zambia
Boranas: Ethiopia
Bunyoros: Uganda
Caffres: Comoros
Chaggas: Tanzania
Chewas: Malawi
Chikundas: Zambia
Chokwes: Mozambique, Zambia
Chopis: Mozambique
Cishingas: Zambia
Dassanetchs: Ethiopia
Dorzés: Ethiopia
Govas: Zambia
Gumuz: Ethiopia
Gouragués: Ethiopia
Hadzabes: Tanzania
Hamers: Ethiopia
Hayas: Tanzania
Hedarebs: Eritrea
Hehes: Tanzania
Hutus: Burundi, Rwanda
Ilas: Zambia
Inamwangas: Zambia
Itesos: Uganda
Iwas: Zambia
Jebertis: Ethiopia
Jopadholas: Uganda
Kabendes: Zambia
Kalendjins: Kenya
Kambas: Kenya
Kaonde: Zambia
Karamojongs: Uganda
Kichepos: Ethiopia
Kikuyus: Kenya
Kisiis: Kenya
Kaws: Zambia
Kunamas: Eritrea
Kundas: Zambia
Kwandis: Zambia
Kwandus: Zambia
Kwangwas: Zambia
Lalas: Zambia
Lambas: Zambia
Langos: Uganda
Lenjes: Zambia
Leyas: Zambia
Limas: Zambia
Liyuwas: Zambia
Lomwes: Malawi
Lozis: Zambia
Luanos: Zambia
Luchazis: Zambia
Lugbaras: Uganda
Luhyas: Kenya
Lumbus: Zambia
Lundas: Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola
Lundwes: Zambia
Lungus: Zambia
Luos: Kenya, Tanzania
Luvales: Zambia
Maasai: Kenya, Tanzania
Makoas: Comoros
Makomas: Zambia
Makondes: Mozambique
Makuas: Mozambique
Mambwes: Zambia
Manyikas: Mozambique
Mashashas: Zambia
Mashis: Zambia
Mbowes: Zambia
Mbukushus: Zambia
Mbumis: Zambia
Mbundas: Zambia
Mbwelas: Zambia
Me’ens: Ethiopia
Merinas: Madagascar
Merus: Kenya
Mukulus: Zambia
Mulongas: Zambia
Munyoyayas: Kenya
Mursis: Ethiopia
Naras: Eritrea
Ndaus: Mozambique
Ndembus: Zambia
Ng’umbos: Zambia
Ngondes: Malawi
Ngonis: Malawi
Ngunis: Mozambique
Nkoyas: Zambia
Nsengas: Zambia
Nubas: Sudan
Nubians: Egypt, Sudan
Nuers: Ethiopia
Nyakyusas: Tanzania
Nyamwezis: Tanzania
Nyangatoms: Ethiopia
Nyanjas: Malawi, Zambia
Nyengos: Zambia
Nyihas: Zambia
Ogieks: Kenya
Oimatsahas: Comoros
Oromos: Ethiopia
Kimants: Ethiopia
Rashaidas: Eritrea
Rer Bares: Ethiopia
Rundis: Uganda
Rwandan: Uganda
Sahos: Eritrea
Sakalaves: Comoros
Sebas: Zambia
Sénas: Malawi, Mozambique
Sengas: Zambia
Sengwers: Kenya
Shanganas: Mozambique
Shanjos: Zambia
Shanqellas: Ethiopia
Shilas: Zambia
Shonas: Mozambique
Sidamas: Ethiopia
Simaas: Zambia
Somalis: Somalia
Subiyas: Zambia
Sukumas: Tanzania
Suris: Ethiopia
Swakas: Zambia
Swahilis: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique
Tabwas: Zambia
Tambos: Zambia
Tigers: Eritrea
Tigray-Tigrinya: Eritrea
Tokas: Zambia
Totelas: Zambia
Tumbuka (people) Tumbukas: Malawi, Zambia
Tirmas: Ethiopia
Tongas: Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
Tutsis: Burundi, Rwanda
Twas (Pygmies): Burundi, Rwanda, Zambia, Uganda
Ungas: Zambia
Wandyas: Zambia
Wathas: Kenya
Welaytas: Ethiopia
Welega Oromos: Ethiopia
Yaos: Malawi, Mozambique
Yiakus: Kenya
Yombes: Zambia
Zays: Ethiopia
Zulus: South Africa and Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania

North Africa

Berbers

Berber groups are found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Canary Islands6 and can be classified according to several tribes, confederations or group.

Chleuh or Souassa (Souss Massa region)
Ait Bou Guemess
Kabyles (Algerian Center)
Chaouis (East Algerian)
Kel Ahagger
Kel Augh (Asbs)
Senaga
Tuareg
North West Africa
Zenetes
Chenouis
Rifains
Masmoudas
Ghomaras
Jbala
Sanhadja
Zayanes
also the Copts who are the descendants of the ancient Egyptians in Egypt

Saharan zone

Bedja (Sudan)
Tuaregs (Sahara and Sahel)
Guanches (Canary Islands) (Extinct)
Southern Africa
Without: Kalahari Desert, Botswana / Namibia
Khoïkhois: South Africa
Namaquas: South Africa
ǃXóõ Botswana, Namibia
Glui-Gllna, Kalahari

West Africa

Sénoufo: Ivory Coast
Bakas: Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon, and Central African Republic
Balengues: Equatorial Guinea
Bassa: Cameroon
Bengas: Equatorial Guinea
Beti-Pahuins: Equatorial Guinea
Bubis: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Bujebas: Equatorial Guinea
Combe or Ndowe: Equatorial Guinea
Diolas: Ivory Coast
Dualas: Cameroon
Krou: Ivory Coast
Mands: Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Senegal
Ogonis: Niger
Tuaregs: Sahel
Toubous: Sahara
Wolofs: Senegal

2. North America

The term North American Indians, or North American Indians, designates the first occupants of the continent of North America (excluding Mesoamerica), and their descendants.

Mexico

The main indigenous peoples in Mexico:

Mayas
Tzeltal
Tzotzil
Ch’ol
Tojol-ab’al
Zoques
Chuj
Q’anjob’al
Mam
Jakalteco
Motozintlecos
Cakchiquel
Lacandons

United States

The main indigenous peoples in the region of the present-day United States:

Alaskan Natives
Indigenous Peoples of California
Cherokees (south-east)
Lenapes (northeast)
Cris
Ojibwés (great plains)
Cheyennes (great plains)
Comanches (great plains)
Omahas (great plains)
Sioux (great plains)
Navajo (southwest)
Apaches (southwest)
Pueblos (southwest)
Mohave (California)

Canada

Major Indigenous Peoples of Canada:

Cris
Ojibway
Hurons-Wendats (eastern forests)
Iroquois (eastern forests)
Inuit
Abenaki
Algonquins (eastern forests)
Attikameks
Maliseet
Mi’kmaq
Innu (Montagnais)
Naskapi
Wyandot (Hurons-Wendats)
Mohawks
Kwakwaka’wakw (west coast)
Salish (West Coast Canada and USA)

Central America

Belize

• Garifunas
• Mayas

Costa Rica

• Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica
• Cabecares
• Bribris

El Salvador

• Nahuas
• Pipils

Guatemala

• Caribbean / Kalinago
• Garifunas

Honduras

• Lenca

Nicaragua

• Mosquitos
• Ramas
• Sumos

Panama

• Kuna

Caribbean (West Indies)

Tainos
Kali’na
Ciboneys
Ciguayo: Hispaniola
Lucaya: Cuba, Bahamas
Macorix: Hispaniola
Guanajatabey or Guanahabibes: western Cuba
Caribbean / Kalinago
Kali’na

South America

The South American Indians are the Amerindians populating South America, that is to say the first occupants of South America and their descendants.

Asháninkas: Peru
Awá: Eastern Amazon rainforest, Brazil
Awá: Colombia, Ecuador
Aymaras: Peru / Bolivia / Chile
Ayoreo: Chaco, Paraguay / Bolivia
Bora: Colombia / Peru
Bororo: Mato Grosso, Brazil
Charrúas: Entre Ríos, Argentina; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Uruguay
Chayahuita: Loreto, Peru
Cocama-cocamilla: Loreto, Peru
Embera: Colombia / Panama
Enxet: Paraguay
Jivaroan: Loreto and San Martín, Peru
Guaranis: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina
Karajá: Brazil
Kayapo: Brazil
Kogis or Koguis: Colombia – Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Korubu: Brazil
Macuxi: Brazil / Guyana
Mapuches: Chile / Argentina
Matis: Brazil / Peru
Matsés: Brazil / Peru
Nukak: Colombia
Nasa: Colombia
Patagons: Chile / Argentina, Selknam, Puelches, Tehuelches, Alakaluf, Chonos, Mánekenk, Yamanas
Quechuas: Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
Secoya: Loreto, Peru / Ecuador
Tapirapé: Brazil / Peru / Colombia
Tayronas or Taironas: Colombia – Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: Arhuaco (or Ika) – Wiwa – Kogi – Kankuamo [archive]
Tucano: Colombia
Tupis: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
Urarina: Chambira, Loreto Peru
U’wa: Colombia
Yora: Amazon rainforest, Peru
Wichí: Chaco, Argentina / Bolivia
Warao: Venezuela, Orinoco.
Wayuu: Venezuela / Colombia
Yanomami: Brazil / Venezuela
The Amerindians of Guyana.

3. Asia

Central Asia

Indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation.
Hezhen and Nanaïs
Kazakhs
Kyrgyz
Neguidales
Nivkhes
Oroks
Oroqen
Orotches
Oudihes
Oultches
Pashtuns

North Asia

Aleut and Alioutors
Altaians
Arines
Assanes
Bargas
Buryats
Chors
Dolganes
Enets
Eskimos
Évènes (formerly Lamoutes)
Evenks (formerly Toungouses)
Yakuts or Sakha
Itelmènes
Kamasses
Karagassus
Kereks
Ketes
Khakasses
Khantys
Koriaks
Kottes
Kumandines
Mansis
Mators
Nenets
Nganassanes
Poumpokoles
Selkoupes
Soiotes
Tatars
Tazs
Taiga
Chelkanes
Chukchi
Tchoulymes
Chuvans
Telenguite
Teleuts
Tofalars
Toubalars
Touvains
Youges
Youkaguirs or Youkaguirs
Siberian Yupiks

East Asia

Ainu: Hokkaidō (Japan) and Sakhalin (Russia)
Ryukyuans

Taiwan

Amis
Atayal
Bunun
Kavalan
Paiwan
Puyuma
Rukai
Seizure
Da’o
Thao
Tsou
Truku
Seedeq
Sakizaya
Hla’alua
Kanakanavu

South East Asia

Akhas: from Thailand, Laos, Burma
Bajaus: Borneo and Sulu (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
Dayak: from Borneo
Degars: from Vietnam
Hmong: from Thailand, Burma and Laos
Igorots: Cordillera (Luzon) from Luzon in the Philippines
Karens: Burma and Thailand
Khmer Krom: Vietnam
Lahus: Thailand, Burma, Laos and Yunnan
Lisus: Burma, Thailand, Arunachal Pradesh, India and Yunnan and Sichuan, China
Lumads: Mindanao Philippines
Mangyans: Mindoro Philippines
Negritos: includes the Semang of the Malay Peninsula, Aeta of Luzon, Ati of Panay, Mani of Thailand, and the Andaman Islands.
Orang Asli: Malaysia Semang (Negrito), Senoi, and Proto-Malay
Palawan tribes: Palawan, Philippines
Penans: Sarawak, Malaysia

South Asia

• Adivasis collective term for many indigenous peoples in India
• • Kisans: Orissa Sundergarh, India
  • Andamanese: Andaman Islands, India
  • Jarawas: Andaman Islands
  • Onges: Andaman Islands
  • Jangils: Rutland Island, Andaman Islands
  • Sentinels: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Islands
• Nicobarais: Nicobar, India
• Shompens: Nicobar, India
• Veddas: Sri Lanka
• Nagas: North East India
• Kalashs: Pakistan
• Khasi-Jaintias: North East India
• Giraavarus: Maldives

West Asia

Alevis
Armenians (Western Armenia)
Assyrians
Marsh Arabs
Bedouin of the Negev
Copts
Doms
Druze
Georgians
Pashtuns
Kurds
Hebrews
Yazidis
Arab tribes

4. Europe

An indigenous person is “originally from the country in which he or she lives, whose ancestors lived in this country” 16. Thus, the majority of European populations are made up of indigenous peoples who are the foundations of the culture and language of each nation. There are therefore indigenous peoples, and in each of these there are “indigenous minorities” 17. For France, for example, this is the case of the Bretons, a people descended from the Gallo-Roman natives of Armorica and the Brittonic immigration of the third and fourth century, or even the Basques, for their part from the Aquitaine peoples who were already present alongside the Gallic tribes before the Roman invasion. In the case of the majority indigenous peoples, all the nations of Europe are made up of them. Thus, all Europeans are predominantly indigenous to their country. This is the case for France, which has an indigenous population of 90%. There are therefore many aboriginal French and foreign French. The first are descendants of several different ethnic groups, first of all the Celtic peoples who developed from present-day Austria to the tip of Brittany by settling in the center-west of Spain, all over Great Britain, in Ireland as well as the southern part of Germany. The Celts form the basis of the current British, Irish and French populations, because it must be remembered that the ancient population of current French territory was around 5 to 10 million people according to historians. It should also be noted that genetic studies of haplogroups of different European individuals as well as the generalization of DNA tests have made it possible to better trace human migrations18. Thus we know that there were few genetic variations between the ancient populations of France and the populations of the Middle Ages19, until the Industrial Revolution when foreign labor was imported into the territory. The same goes for most other European nations, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Hungary, Austria, Ireland, Scotland, etc.

Germany

The Sorbs in Lusatia

Balkans

The Albanians, Greeks and Wallachians of the Balkans.

France

Bretons
Alsatians
Basques
Corsican
Occitans

Italy

The Sardinians

Scandinavia

The Sámi people live in the north of four countries, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia on the Kola Peninsula. The Sami have been targeted by discriminatory assimilation policies. Norway set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 2018 to shed light on the consequences of the forced Norwegianization of its indigenous peoples, modeled on Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (which issued its findings in 2015) ; it was emulated by Finland in 2019 and Sweden in 2020.

Swiss

The Romansh

5. Oceania

Australia

Australian Aborigines
Indigenous people of the Torres Strait

Near Oceania

Papuans: over 250 distinct tribes including the Wopkaimin
the Austronesians who extend to distant Oceania
Kanak: represent 40% of the Caledonian population. The Kanak people are made up of 341 tribes including 203 in the North Province, 87 in the Loyalty Islands and 51 in the South Province.

Distant oceania (Remote Oceania)

Chuukese: Island of Chuuk – Federated States of Micronesia
Kosraen: Island of Kosrae – Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpeiian: Island of Pohnpei – Federated States of Micronesia
Yapais: Yap Islands – Federated States of Micronesia
Mortlockese: Chuuk Island Pohnpei Island
Chamorros: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands

Polynesia

Kanaka Maoli: Hawaii
Maohis: Tahiti, Central and Eastern Polynesia
Māoris: Aotearoa
Morioris: Chatham Islands
Rarotongans: Rarotonga
Samoans: Samoa
Fijians: Fiji
Tongans: Tonga
Haumakas then Rapanuis: Easter Island
Uvéens: Wallis
Futunians: Futuna
The Kanaks of New Caledonia

Did you know ?

Indigenous peoples represent 476 million people in 90 countries.
Over 86% of indigenous people work in the informal economy, compared to 66% of non-indigenous people.
Indigenous peoples are nearly three times more exposed to extreme poverty than other peoples.
Globally, 47% of working indigenous populations have no formal education, compared with 17% of non-indigenous people. This gap is even greater among women.

Sources: PinterPandai, United Nations (UN), Amnesty International

Photo credit: United Nations

List of Native Peoples Around the World | Understanding the Diverse Indigenous